Citation: | LI Mingchuan, MA Rui, CHANG Shuai, DING Hongwei, LI Liqun. Tailored ability of the microstructure and microhardness for nickel-based superalloy fabricated by LPBF[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(12): 20-27. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20231108001 |
LPBF is widely used in the manufacture of nickel-based superalloy parts in aerospace industry. The microstructure which determines mechanical properties of parts is dependent on LPBF process parameters. In this work, the tailored ability of the microstructure and microhardness for LPBF built IN738LC was studied by altering heat input. The results show that the IN738LC alloy has a good printability and no crack or hole defects in the VED range of 40 J/mm3 to 97 J/mm3. The grain size increased with the heat input from a 100-micron scale of 44 J/mm3 to a millimeter scale of 94 J/mm3. The microhardness of xz plane was slightly higher than that of xOy plane. Moreover, microhardness was increased from 340 HV1.0 to 440 HV1.0 and from 330 HV1.0 to 420 HV1.0 for xOz plane and xy plane with increase of VED from 38 J/mm3 to 91 J/mm3.
[1] |
Song X P, Huang J K, Fan D. Review of functionally graded materials processed by additive manufacturing[J]. China Welding, 2023, 32(3): 41 − 50.
|
[2] |
Gu D D, Meiners W, Wissenbach K, et al. Laser additive manufacturing of metallic components: materials, processes and mechanisms[J]. International Materials Reviews, 2013, 57: 133 − 164.
|
[3] |
Zhang Y, Wu L, Guo X, et al. Additive manufacturing of metallic materials: a review[J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2017, 27: 1 − 13.
|
[4] |
Allakhverdiev K R, Caiazzo F, Cardaropoli F, et al. Experimental analysis of selective laser melting process for Ti-6Al-4V turbine blade manufacturing[J]. XIX International Symposium on High-Power Laser Systems and Applications 2012, 2013: 86771H.
|
[5] |
Diegel O, Schutte J, Ferreira A, et al. Design for additive manufacturing process for a lightweight hydraulic manifold[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2020, 36: 101446.
|
[6] |
Tan C, Weng F, Sui S, et al. Progress and perspectives in laser additive manufacturing of key aeroengine materials[J]. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 2021, 170: 103804.
|
[7] |
Sotov A V, Agapovichev A V, Smelov V G, et al. Investigation of the IN-738 superalloy microstructure and mechanical properties for the manufacturing of gas turbine engine nozzle guide vane by selective laser melting[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2020, 107: 2525 − 2535. doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-05197-x
|
[8] |
Cloots M, Uggowitzer P J, Wegener K, et al. Investigations on the microstructure and crack formation of IN738LC samples processed by selective laser melting using Gaussian and doughnut profiles[J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 89: 770 − 784.
|
[9] |
Wang H, Zhang X, Wang G B, Shen J, et al. Selective laser melting of the hard-to-weld IN738LC superalloy: Efforts to mitigate defects and the resultant microstructural and mechanical properties[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 807: 151662. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151662
|
[10] |
Zhou W, Tian Y, Tan Q, et al. Effect of carbon content on the microstructure, tensile properties and cracking susceptibility of IN738 superalloy processed by laser powder bed fusion[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2022, 58: 103016. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103016
|
[11] |
Engeli R, Etter T, Hövel S, et al. Processability of different IN738LC powder batches by selective laser melting[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016, 229: 484 − 491. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.046
|
[12] |
Sun Z, Ma Y, Ponge D, et al. Thermodynamics-guided alloy and process design for additive manufacturing[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13: 4361. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31969-y
|
[13] |
Hu Y, Yang X K, Kang W J, et al. Effect of Zr content on crack formation and mechanical properties of IN738LC processed by selective laser melting[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2021, 31: 1350 − 1362.
|
[14] |
Hariharan A, Lu L, Risse J, et al. Misorientation-dependent solute enrichment at interfaces and its contribution to defect formation mechanisms during laser additive manufacturing of superalloys[J]. Physical Review Materials, 2019, 3: 123602. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.3.123602
|
[15] |
Yu Z, Guo C, Han S, et al. The effect of Hf on solidification cracking inhibition of IN738LC processed by selective laser melting[J]. Materials Science & Engineering: A, 2021, 804: 140733. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2021.140733
|
[16] |
Geiger F, Kunze K, Etter T. Tailoring the texture of IN738LC processed by selective laser melting (SLM) by specific scanning strategies[J]. Materials Science & Engineering: A, 2016, 661: 240 − 246.
|
[17] |
Xu J, Gruber H, Boyd R, et al. On the strengthening and embrittlement mechanisms of an additively manufactured nickel-base superalloy[J]. Materialia, 2020, 10: 100657. doi: 10.1016/j.mtla.2020.100657
|
[18] |
Kunze K, Etter T, Grässlin J, et al. Texture, anisotropy in microstructure and mechanical properties of IN738LC alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM)[J]. Materials Science & Engineering: A, 2015, 620: 213 − 222. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.10.003
|
[19] |
Guraya T, Singamneni S, Chen W Z. Microstructure formed during selective laser melting of IN738LC in keyhole mode[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 792: 151 − 160.
|
[20] |
Messé O M D M, Muñoz-Moreno R, Illston T, et al. Metastable carbides and their impact on recrystallisation in IN738LC processed by selective laser melting[J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2018, 22: 394 − 404. doi: 10.1016/j.addma.2018.05.030
|
[21] |
Song H Y, Lam M C, Chen Y, et al. Towards creep property improvement of selective laser melted Ni-based superalloy IN738LC[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2022, 112: 301 − 314.
|
[22] |
王梦璐, 李占明, 孙晓峰, 等. Inconel 718合金激光增材修复关键工艺优化[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(6): 30 − 38. doi: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001
Wang Menglu, Li Zhanming, Sun Xiaofeng, et al. Optimization of key technology of Inconel 718 alloy by laser additive repair[J]. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2024, 45(6): 30 − 38. doi: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20230314001
|
[23] |
Adomako N K, Haghdadi N, Primig S. Electron and laser-based additive manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys: A review of heterogeneities in microstructure and mechanical properties[J]. Materials & Design, 2022, 223: 111245.
|
[1] | JIANG Fan, FANG Shitong, ZHANG Guokai, CHEN Shujun, LI Tianming, XU Bin. Front-side monitoring technology for back-side keyhole state in VPPAW[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2025, 46(1): 8-14. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20231107002 |
[2] | XIN Jianwen, WU Dongsheng, LI Fang, ZHANG Yuelong, WUANG Huan, HUA Xueming. Formation mechanism of elongated cavities in keyhole plasma arc welding[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2021, 42(12): 54-61. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210414003 |
[3] | DENG Lipeng, KE Liming, LIU Jinhe. Essence of the technology of filling keyhole based on resistance welding[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2020, 41(3): 50-53. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20190708005 |
[4] | HAN Xiaohui, MA Yin, MA Guolong, YANG Haifeng, XU Liang. Dynamic characteristic analysis of keyhole in double beam laser welding[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2020, 41(2): 93-96. DOI: 10.12073/j.hzxb.20190811002 |
[5] | LI Bin, ZHAO Zeyang, WANG Chunming, HU Xiyuan, GUO Lian. Behaviors of plasma and keyhole in laser welding[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2015, 36(2): 87-91. |
[6] | CHEN Minghua, LI Chenbin, LIU Liming. Coupling behavior of plasmas during laser-arc hybrid welding process[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2014, 35(10): 53-56. |
[7] | HUANG Yongxian, HAN Bing, LÜ Shixiong, FENG Jicai, LENG Jinsong, CHEN Xiaobo. Filling friction stir welding for repairing keyhole based on principle of solid state joining[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2012, (3): 5-8. |
[8] | WANG Renping, LEI Yongping, SHI Yaowu. Numerical simulation of keyhole formation process in laser deep penetration welding[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2010, (11): 38-40. |
[9] | YIN Feng-liang, HU Sheng-sun, ZHENG Zhen-tai, ZHU Yu-xin. Stability control of keyhole in keyhole plasma welding using plasma spring[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2006, (7): 21-24. |
[10] | ZHOU Qi, LIU Fang-jun. The Review on the Keyhole Dynamics of the Electron Beam Deep Penetration Welding Process[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2001, (3): 88-92. |