Research on acoustic spreading of liquid Ga on the surface of quartz glass

This paper draws on the spreading behavior of liquid Ga on the surface of quartz glass when the ultrasonic horn acts on the surface of liquid Ga. The flow process and pressure change of liquid Ga was performed and analysis using Comsol Multiphysics software. The results show that the liquid Ga spreads slowly in the initial stage of the spreading process, and the spreading area of liquid Ga is 2.754 cm² at 24 ms. The spreading area of liquid Ga increases to 5.459 cm² at 72 ms over a short period of time. It reached an equilibrium state at 84 ms with a spreading area of 5.508 cm². Obvious cavitation bubbles and ripples could be observed on the surface of liquid Ga during the spreading process. The internal pressure of liquid Ga changes in one cycle after ultrasound was applied. The top of liquid Ga is dominated by negative pressure, and the pressure increased to positive pressure along the radius to the center of the circle. The internal pressure of liquid Ga is dominating by positive pressure at 1.7 ms. The pressure amplitude at the surface of liquid Ga gradually decreases from top to bottom under the action of ultrasonic waves. Meanwhile, liquid Ga spreads under the combined action of internal pressure offset, Laplace pressure difference and “collapse effect”, final morphology changes significantly.