Research progress on micro/nano joining technologies and failure behaviors in electronic packaging

Micro/nano joining are the key technologies in electronic packaging. With the development of electronic products in the direction of miniaturization and lightweight, various advanced micro/nano joining techniques have emerged in an endless flow, but there is still a lack of systematic summary. In this paper, the representative micro-nano bonding technologies are reviewed, including wire bonding, melting micro-bonding, soldering, nano-paste sintering, conductive adhesive bonding, surface-activated bonding and emerging nano joining technology. The failure behaviors of solder joints under thermal, electrical, mechanical and multi-physics coupling load are summarized. In the future, the micro/nano joining technology will be developed in the direction of smaller interconnect size, intelligent interconnect method, green interconnect material and more reliable interconnect solder joint. The failure behavior analysis of solder joints will gradually expand from the study of single load to thermo-electric-mechanical multiple physical field coupling load, which is more suitable for the actual working conditions. With the continuous development of advanced characterization technologies such as synchrotron radiation and 3D X-ray, the study of failure behaviors and mechanisms will also be more accurate.