Research on molten pool dynamic behavior and weld formation of transverse oscillating laser welding process for various positions in space

316L austenite pipeline was used as experimental materials. Based on oscillating laser welding, the droplet transfer and weld morphology at various spatial positions were studied, and the molten pool characteristics and formation process were analyzed to optimize welding parameters, achieving pipeline all-position beam wobble lase wire feeding welding. The results show that transverse oscillating laser beam periodically irradiates on filler wire, it primarily provides a recoil force to promote droplet transfer in the form of liquid bridge transition. Meanwhile, oscillating laser beam increases lateral flowing trend of molten weld metal, increasing surface tension force at molten pool edge. The effect of gravity on molten pool is weakened, ensuring the stable existence of liquid metal at various welding positions. The weld surface formation is continuous and uniform.