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空心钨极TIG焊电弧特性数值模拟

雷正, 朱宗涛, 李远星, 陈辉

雷正, 朱宗涛, 李远星, 陈辉. 空心钨极TIG焊电弧特性数值模拟[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(9): 9-14, 27. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210131003
引用本文: 雷正, 朱宗涛, 李远星, 陈辉. 空心钨极TIG焊电弧特性数值模拟[J]. 焊接学报, 2021, 42(9): 9-14, 27. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210131003
LEI Zheng, ZHU Zongtao, LI Yuanxing, CHEN Hui. Numerical simulation of TIG arc characteristics of hollow tungsten electrode[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2021, 42(9): 9-14, 27. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210131003
Citation: LEI Zheng, ZHU Zongtao, LI Yuanxing, CHEN Hui. Numerical simulation of TIG arc characteristics of hollow tungsten electrode[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2021, 42(9): 9-14, 27. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20210131003

空心钨极TIG焊电弧特性数值模拟

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFB1102103-3);四川省重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFG0096).
详细信息
    作者简介:

    雷正,博士;主要研究方向为激光焊接及复合焊接技术;Email:leilaser@163.com

    通讯作者:

    朱宗涛,副教授;Email:zongtaozhu@163.com.

  • 中图分类号: TG 444

Numerical simulation of TIG arc characteristics of hollow tungsten electrode

  • 摘要: 建立了内径2 mm的空心钨极TIG焊电弧数值模型,用Fluent软件用户自定义函数(UDF)功能加载了氩气电导率、动量方程和能量方程的源项,计算了稳态下焊接电流为60 A时电弧的温度场、流场以及电弧压力,并与相同条件下实心钨极TIG焊电弧作了对比. 结果表明,空心钨极TIG焊电弧呈钟罩形,空心钨极圆环放电和钨极中心气流的冷却作用使得电弧温度分布云图顶部下凹;电弧等离子体在钨极下方运动速度较快,阳极表面电弧压力呈柱状分布,弧柱区空间压力分布比较均匀;与相同电流条件下TIG焊相比,空心钨极TIG焊电弧峰值温度降低17.3%,钨极下方2 mm位置处峰值温度降低27%,等离子体最大运动速度降低40%,电弧压力峰值降低57%,堆焊焊缝熔宽增加30%,熔深减小27.9%.
    Abstract: The numerical model of hollow tungsten TIG welding with inner diameter of 2 mm is developed. The source terms of momentum equation and energy equation and the conductivity of argon gas are loaded by the user defined function (UDF) of Fluent software. The temperature field, flow field and arc pressure are calculated when the welding current is 60 A in steady state. The results are compared with those of solid tungsten TIG arc under the same conditions. The results show that the shape of hollow tungsten TIG arc is bell jar shape, and the temperature field is concave at the top middle position due to the air flow and current density. The velocity of plasma below the tungsten pole is faster than other regions. The arc pressure is uniformly distributed, and the anode surface pressure is uniformly distributed in cylindrical shape. Compare with TIG welding under the same current condition, the maximum temperature, maximum plasma flow velocity and peak arc pressure of the hollow tungsten arc are reduced by 17.3%, 40% and 57%, respectively, and the peak temperature of the 2 mm cross section below the tungsten electrode is reduced by 27%. The weld width of surfacing welding increases by 30% but the weld depth decreases by 27.9%.
  • 图  1   空心钨极TIG焊电弧数值模型及网格划分

    Figure  1.   Numerical model and meshing of hollow tungsten TIG welding arc. (a) schematic diagram of numerical model; (b) meshing

    图  2   电弧温度分布云图(mm)

    Figure  2.   Distribution cloud image of arc temperature. (a) hollow tungsten electrode; (b) solid tungsten electrode

    图  3   电极下方2 mm位置处径向和电弧中心轴向温度分布曲线

    Figure  3.   Distribution curves of temperature at radial direction 2 mm below the electrode and axial direction in the arc center

    图  4   电弧等离子体运动速度分布云图(mm)

    Figure  4.   Distribution cloud image of arc plasma flow velocity. (a) hollow tungsten electrode; (b) solid tungsten electrode

    图  5   电极下方2 mm位置处径向和电弧中心轴向等离子体运动速度分布曲线

    Figure  5.   Distribution curves of plasma flow velocity at radial direction 2 mm below the electrode and axial direction in the arc center

    图  6   电弧压力分布云图 (mm)

    Figure  6.   Distribution cloud image of arc pressure. (a) hollow tungsten electrode; (b) solid tungsten electrode

    图  7   电弧中心轴向和阳极表面径向压力分布曲线

    Figure  7.   Distribution curves of arc pressure at axial direction in the arc center and radial direction of anode surface

    图  8   电弧电势分布云图 (mm)

    Figure  8.   Distribution cloud image of arc electric potential. (a) hollow tungsten; (b) solid tungsten electrode

    图  9   电极下方2 mm位置处径向和电弧中心轴向电势分布曲线

    Figure  9.   Distribution curves of arc electric potential at radial direction 2 mm below the electrode and axial direction in the arc center

    图  10   试验电弧形态

    Figure  10.   Arc shape in experiment. (a) hollow tungsten electrode; (b) solid tungsten electrode

    图  11   试验焊缝截面 (mm)

    Figure  11.   Cross section of weld in test. (a) hollow tungsten electrode;(b) solid tungsten electrode

    表  1   空心钨极TIG焊电弧模型边界条件

    Table  1   Boundary condition of hollow tungsten TIG welding arc model

    区域边界类型氩气流速v1/(m·s−1)温度T/K电势φ/V磁矢量A/Wb
    AB
    BC 壁面 0 5 000 0 $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    CD 压力出口 1 000 $\partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$ 0
    DE 速度进口 1.2 1 000 $\partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$ $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    EF 壁面 0 1 000 $\partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$ $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    FG 壁面 0 3 000 $ - \sigma \cdot \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = I/{{{S}}_{\rm{c}}}$ $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    GH 壁面 0 1 000 $\partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$ $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    HA 速度进口 1.2 1 000 $\partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial \varphi {\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$ $\partial A{\rm{/}}\partial {\rm{}}z = \partial A{\rm{/}}\partial r{\rm{ = 0}}$
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   焊接试验工艺参数

    Table  2   Process parameters of welding test

    焊接电流
    I/A
    电弧电压
    U/V
    焊接速度
    v/(mm·min−1)
    气体流量
    Qo/(L·min−1)
    弧长
    l/mm
    6015.9300104
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-01-30
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-12-01
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-29

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