Abstract: A finite element model was established based on software ABAQUS for 7A52 aluminum alloy treated by ultrasonic impact after welding, in order to predict the size and distribution of residual stress on 7A52 aluminum alloy treated with different ultrasonic impact process parameters. The influence law of ultrasonic impact amplitude, frequency, static pressure on residual stress was analyzed. The simulation results show that the impact amplitude had significant effects on residual stress field. The second factor was the ultrasonic impact frequency. Static pressure had little influence on residual stress field. Increasing the impact amplitude could significantly improve the residual compressive stress in the welded joint and increase the area of compressive stress. Increasing ultrasonic frequency could increase the residual compressive stress values with a certain degree. The numerically calculated results of residual stresses using FEM basically agreed with the experimental results.