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铝/钢异种金属焊接接头腐蚀行为及其影响因素综述

Corrosion behavior of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal welded joints and influential factors: A review

  • 摘要: 铝/钢异种金属焊接接头结合了两种材料优异的性能,在各行各业具有较为广泛的应用.由于铝、钢两种金属之间理化性能的巨大差异以及极小的固溶度,导致铝/钢接头容易出现脆性金属间化合物、气孔等缺陷,严重影响着接头的力学性能.然而,随着铝/钢接头越来越广的应用范围和复杂多样的应用环境,接头的耐腐蚀性能也得到了更多的关注. 对近些年铝/钢异种金属焊接接头的耐腐蚀方面研究工作做了系统的汇总,旨在从接头腐蚀机理出发,提升接头的耐腐蚀性. 综述了接头腐蚀形式规律,并从焊接工艺、腐蚀环境、微观组织和金属间化合物等影响因素的角度出发,详细地讨论了腐蚀行为与各因素之间的关系及影响机理.同时,指出了接头腐蚀机理,从各影响因素方面提出了改善接头耐腐蚀性能的措施,减小铝/钢接头实际服役过程中腐蚀所带来的影响.

     

    Abstract: Aluminum/steel dissimilar metal welded joints combine the excellent properties of the two materials and have a wide range of applications in various industries. Due to the great difference in physical, chemical properties and the extremely small solid solubility between aluminum and steel. Aluminum/steel joints are prone to defects such as brittle intermetallic compounds and pores, which seriously affect the mechanical properties of the joints. However, the corrosion resistance of aluminum/steel joints has also received more attention with the increasing applicate and complex applicate environments. This paper systematically summarizes the research work on the corrosion behavior of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal welded joints in recent years, aiming to improve the corrosion resistance of joints based on the corrosion mechanism. This paper summarizes the joint corrosion forms, and discusses the relationship and influence mechanism between corrosion behavior and various factors such as welding process, corrosion environment, microstructure and intermetallic compounds. At the same time, the corrosion mechanism of the joint is pointed out, and the measures to improve the corrosion resistance of the joint are put forward from the aspects of various influencing factors, so as to reduce the influence of corrosion in the actual service process of the aluminum/steel joint as much as possible.

     

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