Fatigue properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy welded joint by double-sided friction stir welding
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摘要: 针对搅拌摩擦单面焊两侧热输入不均匀性导致疲劳强度低的问题，采用双面对称搅拌摩擦焊方法对10 mm厚的AZ31镁合金板材进行焊接，并研究其疲劳性能. 结果表明，双面对称搅拌摩擦焊接头的屈服强度为130 MPa，与单面焊的屈服强度123 MPa相比提高了5%；其疲劳极限为88 MPa，比单面焊接头的50 MPa提高了76%；双面对称接头疲劳裂纹萌生在上/下侧的前进侧位置，并跨越上/下侧焊缝交界面，最终在下/上侧焊缝的后退侧RS区域瞬断，其疲劳断口均为以解理特征为主的脆性断裂. 双面对称焊接头其中一面应变范围与单面搅拌摩擦焊的应变较高的后退侧接近. 通过双面搅拌摩擦焊接的镁合金接头疲劳强度得到了大幅度提升，疲劳寿命得到了延长.Abstract: In order to solve the problem of the low fatigue strength of single-sided welding (SSFSW) caused by the uneven heat input, double-sided friction stir welding (DSFSW) was used to weld AZ31 magnesium alloy with a thickness of 10 mm. The results show that the yield strength of DSFSW joint is 130 MPa, which is 5% higher than that of the SSFSW joint. The fatigue limit of the DSFSW joint is 88 MPa, which is 76% higher than that of the SSFSW joint. The fatigue crack of DSFSW joint starts at the advancing side of the upper/lower side, crossing the interface of the upper/lower weld seam and breaking in the retreating side (RS) of the one weld seam finally. The fatigue fracture surface of DSFSW is brittle fracture mainly composed of cleavage. The strain range of one side of DSFSW joint is close to the RS strain of SSFSW. The fatigue strength and life of magnesium alloy joint welded by DSFSW have been greatly increased.
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图 1 双面FSW焊接过程及接头截面区域分布
Figure 1. DSFSW welding process and joint cross section area distribution. (a) DSFSW welding process; (b) cross section area distribution of joint
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图 2 DSFSW接头横截面不同区域微观组织
Figure 2. Microstructure of various zones on the cross-section of DSFSW joint. (a) HAZ on the AS of the upper side weld; (b) HAZ on the RS of the lower side weld; (c) TMAZ on the AS of the upper side weld; (d) TMAZ on the RS of the lower side weld; (e) NZ
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图 3 AZ31镁合金拉伸裂纹示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of tensile crack of AZ31 magnesium alloy. (a) SSFSW joint; (b) DSFSW joint
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图 6 SSFSW接头疲劳断口形貌及疲劳裂纹
Figure 6. Fatigue fracture morphology and fatigue crack of SSFSW joint. (a) fracture surface at crack initiation stage; (b) partial enlargement of Fig.6a; (c) fatigue striation; (d) cleavage plane in fatigue fracture; (e) fracture apperance of instantaneous fracture area
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图 8 DSFSW接头疲劳断口形貌及疲劳裂纹
Figure 8. Fatigue fracture morphology and fatigue crack of DSFSW joint. (a) enlargement of region A; (b) enlargement of region B; (c) enlargement of region C
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图 9 AZ31镁合金接头疲劳应力-应变曲线
Figure 9. Fatigue stress-strain curve of AZ31 Mg alloy joint. (a) SSFSW; (b) DSFSW
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图 10 AZ31镁合金接头疲劳过程受力示意图
Figure 10. Stress diagram of AZ31 Mg alloy joint during the fatigue process. (a) sample loading; (b) SSFSW; (c) DSFSW
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图 11 AZ31镁合金接头AS HAZ的EBSD结果分析
Figure 11. EBSD analysis results of AS HAZ on AZ31 Mg alloy joint. (a) Schmid factor distribution; (b) microstructure
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图 12 AZ31镁合金接头RS HAZ的EBSD结果分析
Figure 12. EBSD analysis results of RS HAZ on AZ31 Mg alloy joint. (a) Schmid factor distribution; (b) microstructure
表 1 AZ31镁合金化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of AZ31 Mg alloy
Al Mn Zn Ca Si Cu Ni Mg 3.02 0.6 1.10 0. 04 0.1 0.01 0.001 余量 
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表 2 AZ31镁合金的力学性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of AZ31 Mg alloy
抗拉强度
Rm/MPa屈服强度
Rp0.2/MPa断后伸长率
A(%)断面收缩率
Z(%)242 140 19.0 14.5
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表 3 焊接设备参数
Table 3 Welding equipment parameters
焊接
方法搅拌头轴肩直径
d0/mm搅拌针
d1/mm搅拌针最大直径
dmax/mm单面焊 20 9.85 10 双面焊 20 4.85 5
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表 4 优化的焊接参数
Table 4 Optimized welding parameters
焊接方法 搅拌速度w/( r·min−1) 焊接速度v/(mm·min−1) 单面焊 750 300 双面焊 1 200 300
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