Ni/Si中间层对铝/钢激光焊接头组织与性能的影响

王刚; 曹雪龙; 檀财旺; 蒋俊俊; 邢昌

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20191022001

Ni/Si中间层对铝/钢激光焊接头组织与性能的影响

1.
安徽工程大学，芜湖，241000
2.
哈尔滨工业大学(威海)，威海，264209

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704001)；安徽省高校自然科学项目(KJ2018A0113)；安徽省领军人才项目(Z175050020001).

详细信息

作者简介:
王刚，1985年出生，博士，副教授；主要从事金属学及金属工艺方面的科研和教学工作；发表论文120余篇；Email：gangwang@ahpu.edu.cn.

中图分类号: TG 456.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-10-21
- 网络出版日期: 2020-07-26
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-26

Effect of Ni/Si interlayer on microstructure and properties of laser welded aluminum/steel joints

1.
Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu，241000, China
2.
Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai， 264209, China

摘要

摘要: 研究了以Ni箔以及预置Si粉的Ni箔为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊行为. 系统考察了不同激光功率下预置Si粉的Ni箔中间层对铝/钢异种金属激光焊接头组织与性能的影响. 结果表明，加入预置Si粉的Ni箔做复合中间层时，与只添加Ni箔片做中间层时相比，焊接接头的最大剪切力明显提高，其中激光功率为2 150 W时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1 307.96 N；Si粉的添加增加了熔池的流动性，并使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生了改变；焊缝区生成了Fe-Si及Al-Si二元新相，有效抑制了Fe-Al二元脆性相的生成，改善了铝/钢的焊接性. 因此，预置Si粉的Ni箔复合中间层的加入，可以有效地改善铝/钢异种金属激光焊过程中的冶金反应，进而提高焊接接头的力学性能.
- 铝/钢异种金属 /
- 中间层 /
- 激光焊 /
- 金属间化合物 /
- 力学性能
Abstract: The laser welding behavior of aluminum/steel dissimilar metal with Ni foil and Ni foil with Si powder as intermediate layer has been studied. The effect of Ni foil interlayer with Si powder at different power on the microstructure and properties of aluminum/steel dissimilar metals laser welded joints was investigated systematically. The results show that the tensile strength of the welded joint is obviously improved when the Ni foil with Si powder is added as the composite interlayer, the tensile strength of welded joint is increased to 1 307.96 N when the laser power is 2 150 W. The addition of Si powder increases the flowability of the molten pool, and changes the phase composition, element distribution and microstructure morphology of the aluminum/steel interface. Fe-Si and Al-Si binary phases were formed in the weld zone, which effectively suppressed the formation of Fe-Al binary brittle intermetallic compounds and improved the weldability of aluminum/steel. Therefore, the addition of Ni foil composite interlayer with Si powder can effectively improve the metallurgical reaction in the process of dissimilar metals laser welding of aluminum/steel, and then improve the mechanical properties of welded joints.
- aluminum/steel dissimilar metals /
- interlayer /
- laser welding /
- intermetallic compound /
- mechanical property

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图 1 铝/钢激光焊示意图

Figure 1. schematic diagram of aluminum/steel laser welding

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图 2 0.1 mm Ni箔做中间层时焊缝横截面形貌

Figure 2. Transverse morphology of weld seam with 0.1 mm Ni foil as the interlayer. (a) macro figure; (b) micro area marked figure; (c) amplified morphology of P1 zone; (d) amplified morphology of P2 zone

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图 3 0.1 mm Ni箔做中间层时焊缝横截面的XRD衍射图

Figure 3. XRD diffraction pattern of weld cross section of 0.1 mm Ni foil as interlayer

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图 4 0.1 mm Ni/20 μm Si粉做中间层时焊缝横截形貌

Figure 4. Transverse morphology of weld seam with 0.1 mm Ni and 20 μm Si powder as the interlayer. (a) macro figure; (b) micro area marked figure; (c) amplified morphology of P1 zone; (d) amplified morphology of P2 zone

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图 5 0.1 mm Ni/20 μm Si粉做中间层时焊缝横截面的XRD衍射图

Figure 5. XRD diffraction pattern of weld cross section of 0.1 mm Ni/20 μm Si powder as interlayer

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图 6 拉剪试验结果

Figure 6. Tensile shear test results

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表 1 6061铝合金的化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 6061 aluminum alloy

Cu	Si	Mg	Mn	Fe	Ti	Zn	Al
0.2	1.3	0.3 ~ 0.5	0.2	0.5	0.15	0.25	余量

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表 2 不锈钢的化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 2 Chemical compositions of stainless steel

Cr	Mn	Mg	C	Ni	P	Si	S	Fe
16 ~ 18	5.5 ~ 7.5	0.3 ~ 0.5	≤ 0.15	3.5 ~ 5.5	0.05	1.0	0.03	余量

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表 3 优化的激光器工艺参数

Table 3 Optimized laser process parameters

激光功率 P/W	焊接速度 v/(mm·s⁻¹)	离焦量 △f/mm	保护氩气流量 Q/(L·min⁻¹)
2 150	30	0	20

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表 4 图2c ~ 2d中A ~ E区EDS成分分析(原子分数，%)

Table 4 EDS component analysis in A-E zone in Fig. 2c and Fig. 2d

区域	C	Mg	Al	Si	Cr	Mn	Fe	Ni
A	9.47	4.14	48.28	0.11	5.87	0.35	27.22	4.56
B	7.13	0.14	22.85	0.23	13.39	0.78	47.99	7.49
C	13.82	1.39	59.52	0.29	1.23	0.06	2.78	21.03
D	6.9	—	18.01	0.43	14.84	0.76	50.33	8.73
E	8.95	0.61	60.96	0.1	5.31	0.48	20.71	2.85

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表 5 图4c ~ 4d中A ~ F区EDS成分分析(原子分数，%)

Table 5 EDS component analysis in A-F zone in Fig. 4c and Fig. 4d

区域	C	Mg	Al	Si	Cr	Mn	Fe	Ni
A	4.13	0.98	30.18	8.09	1.15	0.04	2.66	52.77
B	11.28	1.36	46.74	16.1	3.7	1.92	16.18	2.73
C	9.08	0.25	4.76	1.69	12.5	8.38	58.63	4.71
D	15.2	1.32	19.12	12.56	5.76	0.53	39.18	6.33
E	7.36	1.64	56.95	1.74	5.23	0.64	20.68	5.76
F	8.4	0.2	6.46	1.09	16.49	0.89	57.18	9.29

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表 6 各Fe-Al，Fe-Si化合物的生成自由能

Table 6 Fe-Al, Fe-Si compounds formation free energy

化合物	吉布斯自由能G/(J·mol⁻¹)
FeAl₂	−81 642 + 10.75T
Fe₂Al₅	−201 636 + 42.43T
FeAl₃	−111 368 + 16.9T
Fe₃Si	−84 992 − 24.28T
Fe₅Si₃	−244 509 − 31.96T
FeSi	−80 387 + 3.86T
FeSi₂	−80 387 + 0.23T

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