Microstructure and properties of friction stir welded joints for 6061-T6/7075-T6 dissimilar aluminum alloy
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摘要: 利用搅拌摩擦焊实现了2 mm厚7075-T6/6061-T6异种铝合金连接，并对材料放置位置和转速对接头成形与组织性能的影响进行了分析. 结果表明，7075-T6铝合金置于前进侧时更有利于焊接过程中材料的迁移行为，焊缝成形及接头性能更优.当焊接速度为150 mm/min、转速为1 000 r/min时，可获得内部无明显缺陷、外观良好的异种铝合金接头；相较于母材，热力影响区的小角度晶界含量增加，焊核区发生动态再结晶，小角度晶界转化为大角度晶界；接头拉伸性能随转速的增加，呈现先增加后减小的趋势.接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别达到231 MPa和4.0%. 接头的断裂位置位于6061侧焊核区，与接头硬度最小位置相吻合.Abstract: Friction stir welding technique was applied to 2 mm thick 7075-T6/6061-T6 dissimilar aluminum alloys. The influence of rotating speed and material placement on the joint formation, microstructure and properties were studied. The results indicated that when the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was placed on the advancing side, it is more conducive to material migration. The plates were joined successfully without welding defects and good surface formation when the welding speed is 150 mm/min and the rotating speed is 1000 r/min. Compared with the base metal, the thermo-mechanically affected zone had an increased content of low-angle boundaries. In the nugget zone, the low-angle boundaries converted to curve high-angle boundaries because of dynamic recrystallization. With the increase of rotating speed, the tensile properties of the joint firstly increased and then decreased. The ultimate tensile strength of the joint reached 231 MPa, and the elongation reached 4.0%. the fracture locations of the joints all located in the nugget zone at the 6061-T6 side, which coincided with the position with the minimum hardness.
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图 3 不同转速下接头表面形貌
Figure 3. Surface morphologies of the joints at different rotation speeds
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图 4 不同测温点的焊接热循环曲线
Figure 4. Welding thermal cycles of different temperature measure points
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图 5 搅拌针转速对焊接热循环曲线的影响
Figure 5. Influence of rotation speed on the welding thermal cycles
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图 7 7075-T6/6061-T6搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织
Figure 7. Microstructure of the FSW joint of 7075-T6/6061-T6. (a) SZ of 6061-T6; (b) HAZ of 6061-T6; (c) TMAZ of 6061-T6; (d) SZ of 7075-T6; (e) HAZ of 7075-T6; (f) TMAZ of 7075-T6
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图 10 前进侧晶粒间取向差统计图
Figure 10. Misorientation angle distributions of AS. (a) BM; (b) HAZ; (c) TMAZ; (d) SZ
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图 13 不同转速下接头力学性能
Figure 13. Mechanical properties of the joints with different rotational speeds
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图 15 接口的拉伸断口形貌
Figure 15. Tensile fracture morphologies of the joints. (a) overall morphology of the joints (50 mm/min,800 r/min)； (b) distribution of the dimple feature 1 (50 mm/min,800 r/min)；(c) distribution of the dimple feature 2 (50 mm/min,800 r/min)；(d) overall morphology of the joints (50 mm/min,1 000 r/min)； (c) distribution of the dimple feature (50 mm/min,1 000 r/min)
表 1 材料的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of the base materials
材料 Zn Mg Cu Mn Si Fe Ti Cr Al 6061 0.25 0.8 0.15 0.15 0.4 0.7 0.15 0.04 余量 7075 5.1 2.1 1.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 — 0.18 余量 
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表 2 材料的力学性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of the base materials
材料 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa屈服强度
ReL/MPa断后伸长率
A(%)维氏硬度
H(HV)6061-T6 340 295 11.0 105 7075-T6 595 495 10.0 175
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表 3 不同板材位置下接头的力学性能及断裂位置
Table 3 Mechanical properties and fracture locations of the joints at different plate positions
材料位置 抗拉强度
Rm/MPa断后伸长率
A(%)断裂位置 AS7075-RS6061 231 4.0 6061 SZ AS6061-RS7075 134 1.5 6061 SZ
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