Formation and properties of aluminum-steel transition joints processed by friction stir additive manufacturing
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摘要:
为了解决铝/钢异种金属连接强度不高,连接方法使用范围受限的问题,提出连续送丝搅拌摩擦增材制备铝/钢过渡接头的方法. 以5B06铝合金丝材为增材原料,3 mm厚的316L不锈钢板为基板,采用激光刻蚀辅助的手段,在单层厚度1.0 mm,沉积效率3.0 kg/h的参数下制备了成形与性能良好的铝/钢过渡接头. 结果表明,获得的增材层表面成形良好,丝材在热—机耦合作用下热塑化,并填充激光刻蚀槽. 铝/钢过渡界面未观察到缺陷,并在界面处发现厚度约为1.8 μm的金属间化合物层,实现了机械—冶金复合连接. 界面的抗剪强度达到110.0 MPa ± 4.7 MPa,相对于未表面处理的接头强度提升了18%. 钢侧断口均匀黏附铝合金,并观测到Fe2Al5和Fe4Al13金属间化合物. 接头为韧—脆混合型断裂模式,说明铝/钢过渡界面在机械互锁和冶金连接共同作用下实现了可靠连接. 该研究为铝/钢过渡接头的制备提供了新的解决思路.
Abstract:Considering the difficulties of low strength and limited application of aluminum-steel joining, a wire-based friction stir additive manufacturing method was proposed and utilized for the aluminum-steel transition joints. 5B06 aluminum alloy wires and 3 mm 316L stainless steel sheets were used as feedstock and substrate, respectively. Aluminum-steel transition joints with good forming and excellent mechanical performance were manufactured with laser texture assistance at a deposition efficiency of 3.0 kg/h and a single-layer thickness of 1.0 mm. The wires were thermo-plasticized and filled into the textured groove. No defect was observed along the interface. Metallurgical bonding was achieved by Al/Fe intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layers with a thickness of 1.8 μm. The shear strength of the joint reached 110.0 MPa ± 4.7 MPa, which increased by 18% relative to the joints with untreated surfaces. Aluminum alloys and IMCs (Fe2Al5 and Fe4Al13) were noticed on the fracture of the steel side, indicating that sound bonding was achieved by mechanical and metallurgical joining. The fracture mode of the joints was tough-brittle composite fracture. This method showed great potential in manufacturing aluminum-steel transition joints.
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表 1 5B06铝合金化学成分表(质量分数,%)
Table 1 Composition of 5B06 aluminum alloys
Mg Mn Ti Fe Si Al 7.55 0.57 0.18 0.17 0.24 余量 表 2 316L不锈钢板化学成分表(质量分数,%)
Table 2 Composition of 316L stainless steel plates
C Si Mn P S Cr Ni Mo Fe <0.08 <1.00 <2.00 <0.05 <0.03 16.00 ~ 18.00 10.00 ~ 14.00 99.70 余量 -
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