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摘要: 采用钢板在上、镁板在下且添加胶层-镍箔辅助的激光焊接技术，对厚度1.5 mm的DP590双相钢和厚度1.4 mm的AZ31B镁合金进行焊接， 基于热力学计算选择添加箔片元素，分析接头焊缝形貌、显微组织与力学性能，并对接头熔池温度场和流场进行数值模拟. 结果表明，激光功率1 800 W，焊接速度30 mm/s，离焦量为 + 2 mm，流量为15 L/min的氩气保护的工艺条件下，添加镍箔实现了镁/钢冶金连接，同时添加胶层和镍箔，与单一添加镍箔相比，接头平均抗剪强度提高1.73倍；添加胶层，焊缝连续光滑， 镁侧熔池的熔化宽度增大，钢/镁横向结合面积增加，界面处横向和纵向的温度梯度降低，熔池流动速度提高，元素分布的均匀性得到改善，促进了界面元素相互扩散和冶金反应，因此钢/镁接头性能得到大幅提升.
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图 3 钢/镁接头焊缝形貌
Figure 3. Shape of weld seam in steel/magnesium joint. (a) adding nickel foil; (b) adding nickel foil and glue layer
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图 5 钢/镁添加镍箔微观组织
Figure 5. Microstructure of steel/Mg added Ni foil. (a) overall organization of the joint with the addition of nickel foil; (b) partial enlargement of A area; (c) partial enlargement of B area
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图 6 钢/镁添加镍箔和胶层微观组织
Figure 6. Microstructure of steel/Mg added Ni foil and glue layer. (a) overall organization of the joint with the addition of a nickel foil glue layer; (b) partial enlargement of C area; (c) partial enlargement of D area
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图 7 钢/镁添加镍箔和同时添加镍箔和胶层元素分布
Figure 7. Distribution of elements in steel/Mg with Ni foil and with both Ni foil and glue layer. (a) addition of nickel foil element distribution; (b) addition of nickel foil and glue layer element distribution
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图 8 镁侧熔池横截面SEM图
Figure 8. Cross-sectional SEM image of magnesium side melt pool. (a) adding nickel foil; (b) adding nickel foil and glue layer
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图 10 热力学计算结果
Figure 10. Thermodynamic calculation results. (a) Standard molar generation enthalpy for binary systems; (b) chemical potentials of Fe-Ni-Mg-0.03Al system for Fe; (c) chemical potentials of Fe-Ni-Mg-0.03Al system for Mg ; (d) chemical potentials of Fe-Ni-Mg-0.03Al system for Al; (e) chemical potential of Al in the Fe-Ni-Al-0.03Mg system; (f) free energy of the Fe-Ni-Al-0.03Mg system
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图 11 焊接接头线扫描结果
Figure 11. Welded joint line scan results. (a) scanning direction; (b) scanning results
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图 12 温度场模拟等值面图
Figure 12. Equivalent surface diagram of temperature field simulation. (a) adding nickel foil; (b) adding nickel foil and glue layer
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图 13 温度场模拟热循环结果
Figure 13. Temperature field simulation of thermal cycling results. (a) adding nickel foil; (b) adding nickel foil and glue layer
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图 14 速度场模拟结果
Figure 14. Velocity field simulation results. (a) adding nickel foil; (b) adding nickel foil and glue layer
表 1 母材化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical composition of base material
材料 Al Zn Mn Si C S P Fe Mg DP590 0.02 — 1.60 0.0446 0.068 0.015 0.011 Bal — AZ31B 3.12 0.95 0.15 0.10 — — — 0.03 余量 
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表 2 焊接工艺参数
Table 2 Welding parameters
激光功率P/W 离焦量L/mm 焊接速度v/(mm·s−1) 氩气的流速Q/(L·min−1) 1 800 + 2 30 15
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表 3 EDS点成分分析结果(原子分数，%)
Table 3 Results of EDS point composition analysis
位置 Fe Ni Al Mg 可能相 P1 0.93 3.25 1.42 94.40 α-Mg P2 78.09 18.83 0.13 2.95 Fe + FeNi3 P3 0.45 0.08 1.41 98.06 α-Mg P4 0.44 6.50 1.65 91.41 α-Mg P5 2.19 9.37 1.88 86.56 α-Mg + Mg2Ni P6 0.94 4.33 1.26 91.71 α-Mg P7 0.74 4.09 1.21 92.59 α-Mg + Mg2Ni P8 56.42 11.31 2.49 25.91 Mg2Ni + FeNi3
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表 4 热力学计算过程中使用的元素参数
Table 4 Elemental parameters used in the thermodynamic calculation process
元素 熔点 ${ {{T} }_{\text{m} } }{\text{/K} }$ 电子密度 ${{n}}_{{\text{WS}}}^{{\text{1/3}}}{\text{/d}}{\text{.u}}{\text{.}}$ 电负性 $\varphi {\text{/V}}$ 经验常数 $\mu$ 摩尔分数 ${ {{V} }^{ {\text{2/3} } } }{\text{/c} }{ {\text{m} }^{\text{3} } }$ 经验常数 $R/P$ Ni 1 726.15 1.75 5.20 0.04 3.52 1.0 Mg 921.15 1.17 3.45 0.1 5.81 0.4 Fe 1 811.15 1.77 4.93 0.04 3.69 1.0 Ti 1 933.15 1.52 3.80 0.04 4.82 1.0 Cu 1 356.15 1.47 4.45 0.04 3.70 0.3
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表 5 1 300 K不同Al原子含量四元体系的吉布斯自由能
Table 5 Gibbs free energy of quaternary systems with different Al content at 1 300 K
Ni Al Fe 吉布斯自由能Gm/(kJ·mol−1) 0.539 0.001 0.43 −91.934 0.101 0.33 −98.269 0.588 0.102 0.28 −98.293 0.152 0.23 −100.579 0.639 0.251 0.08 −103.657 0.301 0.03 −104.547
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