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激光粉末床熔融AlSi10Mg合金TIG焊接成形性研究

Investigation of TIG welding formability of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion

  • 摘要: 激光粉末床熔融(laser powder bed fusion, LPBF)成形AlSi10Mg合金在熔焊过程中易出现气孔率偏高的问题,文中采用Taguchi方法,开展了LPBF成形AlSi10Mg合金交流钨极惰性气体保护焊(tungsten inert gas welding, TIG)工艺的成形性研究,并对接头的组织和性能进行了分析.结果表明,交流频率是影响气孔率的最主要因素,而影响熔深的最主要因素为焊接电流的大小.微观组织分析表明,焊缝组织主要由灰色α-Al基体相与分布于晶界处的亮白色共晶Si相组成,焊缝中部区域存在密集的小尺寸气孔,焊缝顶部和底部则出现较大的气孔,熔合线附近形成沿熔合线分布的微小初生气孔带.气孔的产生根源是母材中的氢.最优焊接工艺参数组合为:焊接电流160 A、焊接速度110 mm/min、送丝速度16 mm/s、交流频率110 Hz,在此参数下,焊缝横向气孔率达到最低值3.20%,纵向气孔率为2.13%,熔深为1.72 mm,接头平均显微硬度和抗拉强度分别为76.56 HV0.2和174.79 MPa.

     

    Abstract: To address the issue of excessive porosity in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) fabricated AlSi10Mg alloy during fusion welding, the welding formability of the LPBF fabricated AlSi10Mg alloy using the alternating current tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process was investigated based on the Taguchi method, and the microstructure and properties of the joints were analyzed. The results indicate that alternating current frequency is the most significant factor influencing porosity, while welding current is the most significant factor influencing penetration depth. Microstructural analysis indicates that the weld microstructure is primarily composed of a gray α-Al matrix phase and bright white eutectic Si phases distributed at grain boundaries. A high density of small-sized pores exists in the central region of the weld, whereas larger pores appear at the top and bottom of the weld. A micro primary pore band distributed along the fusion line is formed near the fusion line. The root cause of pore generation is the hydrogen in the base metal. The optimal combination of welding process parameters is a welding current of 160 A, a welding speed of 110 mm/min, a wire feed speed of 16 mm/s, and an alternating current frequency of 110 Hz. Under these parameters, the transverse porosity of the weld reaches a minimum value of 3.20%; the longitudinal porosity is 2.13%; the penetration depth is 1.72 mm. The average microhardness and tensile strength of the joint are 76.56 HV0.2 and 174.79 MPa, respectively.

     

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