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不锈钢板小电流TIG电弧辅助激光高速焊工艺

Low-current TIG arc-assisted high-speed laser welding process for stainless steel plates

  • 摘要: 为突破不锈钢薄板传统焊接工艺高质量与高效率难以同步提升的技术瓶颈,提出小电流TIG电弧辅助激光高速焊接工艺,利用1.2 mm厚409L铁素体不锈钢板系统研究了焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响规律. 结果表明,激光与钨极间距为3 ~ 4 mm、焊接电流为50 A时,激光与TIG电弧产生强耦合效应,在实现低热输入焊接的同时能够有效稳定电弧,焊接速度可达4 ~ 5 m/min. 与TIG焊接工艺相比,该工艺焊接效率提高2.8倍,热输入降低63.1%,同时从根本上抑制了咬边和驼峰焊道缺陷的形成. 在不锈钢板焊接中展现出广泛适用性,对于2.0 mm厚304奥氏体不锈钢和409L铁素体不锈钢板焊接速度分别达到3.2 m/min和3.0 m/min,断后伸长率分别为母材的88.9%和76.4%,实现不锈钢薄板优质高效低热输入焊接.

     

    Abstract: To overcome the technical bottleneck that high quality and high efficiency are difficult to simultaneously improve in traditional welding processes of thin stainless steel plates, a low-current TIG arc-assisted high-speed laser welding process was proposed, and the effects of welding process parameters on weld appearance were systematically studied using 1.2 mm thick 409L ferritic stainless steel plates. The results show that when the distance between laser and tungsten electrode is 3 ~ 4 mm, and the welding current is 50 A, the laser and TIG arc generate a strong coupling effect, which can effectively stabilize the arc while achieving low heat input welding, and the welding speed can reach 4~5 m/min. Compared with the TIG welding process, the welding efficiency of this process is improved by 2.8 times; the heat input is reduced by 63.1%, and the formation of undercut and humping weld defects is fundamentally suppressed. This process exhibits wide applicability in the welding of stainless steel plates. For 2.0 mm thick 304 austenitic stainless steel and 409L ferritic stainless steel plates, the welding speeds reach 3.2 m/min and 3.0 m/min, respectively, and the elongations after fracture are 88.9% and 76.4% of those of the base metal, respectively, realizing the high-quality, high-efficiency, and low heat input welding of thin stainless steel plates.

     

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