Abstract: Fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composites (FRTP) have broad application prospects in lightweight structures in high-technology fields such as aerospace and new energy vehicles because of their high specific strength, strong impact resistance, and recyclability. With the gradual application of FRTP-related structures, joining technologies for these structures have become a current research hotspot. The material systems and typical structural applications of FRTP, as well as research progress in the main joining technologies for FRTP structures, were systematically reviewed. For methods such as conventional joining technologies (adhesive bonding, mechanical joining, and adhesive/mechanical hybrid joining) and welding (including ultrasonic welding, resistance welding, induction welding, laser welding, and friction stir welding), emphasis was placed on analyzing the joining mechanisms, process characteristics, interfacial behavior, and laws governing their effects on joint performance. The scientific problems and challenges currently faced by FRTP joining technologies in interface regulation, process optimization, defect control, and service performance prediction were discussed, and an outlook on future research directions was presented. This review provides a reference for further application of FRTP and joining technologies for its related structures.