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H13钢耐磨涂层制备激光复合工艺参数优化

Optimization of laser hybrid process parameters for preparing wear-resistant coating on H13 steel

  • 摘要: 针对H13钢表面激光熔覆镍基WC耐磨涂层存在孔隙、裂纹等缺陷问题,提出激光熔覆 + 重熔在H13钢表面制备WC耐磨涂层的新复合工艺方法. 首先,探究WC添加量对激光重熔预涂层成形质量的影响规律,结果表明,随WC添加量的增加,预涂层晶粒尺寸越小,裂纹敏感性越大,其中添加30%WC制备的预涂层表现出最佳性能,预涂层裂纹数量少. 其次,采用控制变量法对预涂层进行激光重熔处理,研究不同工艺参数对重熔层组织性能的影响规律,结果表明,当激光重熔热输入较小时,仅在小区域发生重熔,不足以达到排出孔隙、愈合裂纹的目的;当激光重熔热输入较大时,熔池在凝固过程中产生固态收缩,凝固后组织内产生较大的热应力,导致重熔层内部出现二次裂纹和孔隙现象;重熔层内部晶粒尺寸与激光电流成正比,与离焦量、扫描速度成反比. 最后研究优化参数为激光电流110 A、离焦量7 mm和扫描速度90 mm/min,此时重熔层内无明显孔隙、裂纹缺陷,元素分布均匀,显微硬度值稳定,平均显微硬度达到735.5 HV,为模具表面激光修复再造提供一种新的工艺方法.

     

    Abstract: To address the defects such as pores and cracks in laser-clad Ni-based WC wear-resistant coating on H13 steel surface, a novel hybrid process of laser cladding and remelting was proposed to prepare WC wear-resistant coating on H13 steel. First, the influence of WC addition on the forming quality of pre-coating subjected to laser remelting was investigated. The results indicate that with the increase of WC addition, the grain size of the pre-coating decreases, and the crack sensitivity increases. Among them, the pre-coating prepared with 30% WC addition exhibits the best performance, with few cracks. Secondly, the laser remelting treatment was applied to the pre-coating by using the controlled variable method, and the influence of different process parameters on the microstructure and properties of the remelted layer was studied. The results indicate that when the heat input of laser remelting is small, remelting only occurs in small areas, which is insufficient to achieve the purpose of eliminating pores and healing cracks; when the heat input of laser remelting is large, the molten pool produces solid-state shrinkage during solidification, and large thermal stress is generated in the microstructure after solidification, leading to secondary cracks and pores inside the remelted layer; the grain size inside the remelted layer is directly proportional to the laser current and inversely proportional to the defocus distance and scanning speed. Finally, the obtained optimal parameters are a laser current of 110 A, defocus distance of 7 mm, and scanning speed of 90 mm/min. Under these conditions, there are no obvious pores or crack defects in the remelted layer; the element distribution is uniform; the microhardness value is stable, and the average microhardness reaches 735.5 HV. This provides a new process method for the laser repair and remanufacturing of the mold surface.

     

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