Abstract:
With the rapid development of three-dimensional integrated packaging technology, higher requirements have been put forward for the performance and reliability of low-temperature lead-free solders. Based on the concept of medium-entropy alloy, four SnBiInAl low-melting-point medium-entropy solder alloys with different compositions were designed and prepared. The results show that the peak melting temperatures of Sn
34Bi
30In
31Al
5 (at.%) and Sn
42Bi
22In
31Al
5 solder alloys are relatively low, reaching 90.5 ℃ and 87.5 ℃, respectively. The peak melting temperatures of Sn
55Bi
33In
9Al
3 and Sn
56Bi
30In
9Al
5 solder alloys are relatively higher, being 132.0 ℃ and 128.6 ℃, respectively. Their wetting angles at 180 ℃ are 42.5° and 41.2°, respectively, which meet the requirements of wettability for solders. The Sn
42Bi
22In
31Al
5 solder alloy is composed of Sn-rich phase and Bi
3In
5 phase, while the other three solder alloys are all composed of Sn-rich phase, Bi-rich phase, and InBi phase. Among the four SnBiInAl medium-entropy solders, the Sn
56Bi
30In
9Al
5 solder alloy exhibits the highest ultimate tensile strength of 67 MPa, but its total elongation after fracture is relatively low, which is about 24%. This is associated with the presence of the large Bi-rich phases in the alloy and the solid solution of a considerable amount of Al elements in each constituent phase. The Sn
55Bi
33In
9Al
3 solder alloy possesses both relatively high ultimate tensile strength (60 MPa) and total elongation after fracture (40%).