Abstract: Lightweight, high-performance, and multifunctional designs are emerging trends in modern manufacturing. Driven by these trends, material joining technologies are gradually evolving toward multi-material and hybrid structures, thereby increasing the demand for joining dissimilar materials. Dissimilar material joining technologies can fully leverage the performance advantages of different materials, meeting the requirements of modern industry for structural lightweighting, functional integration and performance optimization. However, during the joining of dissimilar materials, challenges such as material incompatibility, uneven heating, unstable interfacial compounds, and significant residual stresses often arise. In response to these problems, recent research and application progress in the field of brazing for dissimilar materials were summarized. Firstly, from the perspective of joined base materials, the research hotspots in brazing three typical types of dissimilar materials were introduced, including ceramics and ceramic matrix composites, high temperature alloy, and diamond. Subsequently, from the perspective of joining methods, the development status of emerging brazing processes and technologies was reviewed, such as welding-brazing. Finally, the applications of brazing technologies in dissimilar materials were summarized, and the key challenges faced were highlighted, providing an outlook on future development trends and technical difficulties.