根部加强的镁合金搅拌摩擦焊分析

任大鑫; 丛凌翔; 韩荣豪; 宋刚; 刘黎明

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20230104001

根部加强的镁合金搅拌摩擦焊分析

大连理工大学, 大连, 116024

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2022YFB4600900)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(52275313)；中央高校基本科研业务费(DUT22JC20)

详细信息

作者简介:
任大鑫，博士，副教授；主要从事智能化制造、增材制造、先进焊接/塑性成形技术研究；Email: rendx@dlut.edu.cn

通讯作者:
宋刚，博士，教授；Email: songgang@dlut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 453
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-01-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-10-30
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-30

Study on friction stir welding of magnesium alloy with backing plate

Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China

摘要

摘要:
常规搅拌摩擦焊中，不同厚度的材料所适配的最佳搅拌针长度也不相同，搅拌针过长或过短都会对焊接效果产生不利影响. 为了解决这一局限性，提出了一种在焊缝背面添加适当厚度同种材料垫板的新型焊接工艺，在该工艺中，搅拌针长度大于被焊板材厚度，将垫板与母材焊接在一起，一方面，降低了对搅拌针长度的要求；另一方面，可消除焊缝减薄产生的不利影响. 结果表明，采用该方法分析1.5 mm厚AZ31B镁合金的对接焊，接头抗拉强度最大可达母材的91.19%，此外，分析了焊缝横截面微观组织和显微硬度分布，通过所建立的卷积神经网络模型，对接头抗拉强度随参数变化的分布情况进行了预测，获取了最佳工艺参数.
- 搅拌摩擦焊 /
- AZ31B镁合金 /
- 垫板 /
- 神经网络
Abstract:
In conventional friction stir welding, the length of the stirring pin needs to be strictly matched with the thickness of the welded plate. A too-long or too-short stirring pin will adversely affect the welding effect. To solve this limitation, this paper proposes a new welding process that adds a backing plate of the same material with appropriate thickness to the back of the weld seam. In this process, the length of the stirring pin is greater than the thickness of the welded plate, and the backing plate is fused with the base metal. On the one hand, the requirement for stirring pin length is reduced. On the other hand, the adverse effects of weld seam thinning can be eliminated. The butt welding of 1.5 mm thick AZ31B magnesium alloy was studied by this method. The maximum tensile strength of the weld joint can reach 91.19% of the base metal. In addition, the microstructure and microhardness distribution of the weld beam cross-section were analyzed. The optimal process parameters were obtained by the established convolutional neural network model, and the distribution of joint tensile strength with the change of parameters was predicted.
- friction stir welding /
- AZ31B magnesium alloy /
- backing plate /
- neural network

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图 1 背面加垫板焊接示意图(mm)

Figure 1. Welding schematic with backing plate

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图 2 抗拉强度试验试件示意图(mm)

Figure 2. Tensile strength test specimen diagram

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图 3 焊接接头硬度测试取点

Figure 3. Welded joint hardness test points

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图 4 焊接速度和转速对拉伸性能的影响

Figure 4. Effect of welding speed and rotation speed on tensile properties

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图 5 高性能接头的焊接参数范围

Figure 5. Range of welding parameters for high performance weld joints

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图 6 不同转速下接头抗拉强度分布直方图

Figure 6. Joint tensile strength distribution histogram at different rotational speed. (a) 1 000 r/min; (b) 1 050 r/min; (c) 1 100 r/min

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图 7 焊接接头宏观形貌

Figure 7. Macroscopic morphology of welded joint. (a) front; (b) back

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图 8 实测值预测值之间的回归分析

Figure 8. Regression analysis between test and predicted values

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图 9 不同转速下接头强度的分布

Figure 9. Distribution of joint strength under different rotational speeds. (a) 1 000 r/min；(b) 1 020 r/min；(c) 1 040 r/min；(d) 1 060 r/min；(e) 1 080 r/min；(f) 1 100 r/min

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图 10 焊缝横截面宏观形貌

Figure 10. Macroscopic morphology of weld cross section

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图 11 焊缝横截面各部位微观组织

Figure 11. Microstructure of weld seam cross-section. (a) upper SZ; (b) SZ of base metal and backing plate junction; (c)TMAZ of AS; (d) TMAZ of RS; (e) HAZ (f) base metal

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图 12 焊缝横截面横向硬度分布

Figure 12. Horizontal hardness distribution of weld seam cross-section

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图 13 焊缝中心纵向硬度分布

Figure 13. Longitudinal hardness distribution of weld center

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表 1 焊接参数及抗拉强度

Table 1 Welding parameters and tensile strength

序号	转速 n/(r·min⁻¹)	焊接速度 v/(mm·min⁻¹)	下压量d/mm	抗拉强度R_m/MPa
1	1 000	25	0.15	230.26
2	1 000	25	0.17	238.93
3	1 000	25	0.20	219.96
4	1 000	30	0.15	225.31
5	1 000	30	0.17	232.36
6	1 000	30	0.20	234.67
7	1 000	35	0.15	216.26
8	1 000	35	0.17	224.26
9	1 000	35	0.20	220.64
10	1 050	25	0.15	229.39
11	1 050	25	0.17	234.32
12	1 050	25	0.20	236.62
13	1 050	30	0.15	218.91
14	1 050	30	0.17	220.91
15	1 050	30	0.20	215.84
16	1 050	35	0.15	226.95
17	1 050	35	0.17	226.93
18	1 050	35	0.20	230.99
19	1 100	25	0.15	222.36
20	1 100	25	0.17	231.36
21	1 100	25	0.20	230.13
22	1 100	30	0.15	208.91
23	1 100	30	0.17	217.91
24	1 100	30	0.20	215.92
25	1 100	35	0.15	228.02
26	1 100	35	0.17	236.03
27	1 100	35	0.20	235.32

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表 2 实测值与预测值对比结果

Table 2 Comparison of the predicted results with the actual experimental values

转速 n/(r·min⁻¹)	焊接速度 v/(mm·min⁻¹)	下压量 d/mm	抗拉强度实测值 R_m1/MPa	抗拉强度预测值 R_m2/MPa	误差 δ(%)
1 000	25	0.15	230.26	221.27	−3.90
1 000	30	0.17	232.36	238.47	2.63
1 000	35	0.20	220.64	229.35	3.95
1 050	25	0.15	229.39	235.74	2.77
1 050	30	0.17	220.91	212.74	−3.70
1 050	35	0.20	230.99	222.59	−3.64
1 100	25	0.15	222.36	219.40	−5.58
1 100	30	0.17	217.91	222.94	2.31
1 100	35	0.20	235.32	224.38	−4.65

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表 3 不同转速时的最佳参数范围

Table 3 Range of optimal parameters for different rotational speeds

转速 n/(r·min⁻¹)	焊接速度 v/(mm·min⁻¹)	下压量 d/mm	最高抗拉强度 R_max/MPa
1000	25 ~ 28	0.15 ~ 0.17	235.6
1020	28 ~ 33	0.175 ~ 0.19	236.1
1040	25 ~ 27	0.15 ~ 0.175	234.9
1060	33 ~ 35	0.18 ~ 0.19	232.3
1080	25 ~ 27	0.185 ~ 0.2	236.1
1100	25 ~ 29	0.175 ~ 0.19	234.7

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