Structure and properties of friction stir welding joint of aluminum profile
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摘要:
传统铝合金型材通常采用接头局部加厚的凸台设计，用于抵消搅拌摩擦焊中轴肩下压力造成的接头减薄量. 然而，此类铝型材表面焊后需要耗费大量工时进行人工打磨. 为了减少焊缝的打磨量，文中设计了一种无凸台结构的铝型材，通过改变搅拌头轴肩的结构形式，实现了无减薄工艺的焊接. 从焊缝的成形质量、力学性能和组织结构角度开展深入研究，确定了焊接下压量等关键工艺参数. 最后，结合实际生产中型材存在挤压公差和拼接公差的特点，研究了接头错边量对焊接质量的影响，并确定合理的接头公差范围.
Abstract:Welding joints with partial thickened structures are usually adopted in the design of aluminum alloy profiles to offset the thinning of the joint caused by the downward pressure of the shoulder in friction stir welding. However, after welding of such aluminum profiles, it will take a lot of hours to manually polish the thickened structures. In order to reduce the amount of grinding, a new type of aluminum profile without thickened structure is designed in this paper, ensuring non-thinning-welding by changing the structure of shoulder. In-depth research is carried out from the perspective of weld forming quality, mechanical properties and organizational structure, and key process parameters such as welding downforce are determined. Finally, combined with the characteristics of extrusion tolerance and assembly tolerance in industrial production, the influence of joint misalignment on welding quality is studied, and a reasonable joint tolerance range is determined.
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Keywords:
- Friction stir welding /
- Aluminum alloy /
- Profiles /
- Non-weld-thinning technique
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图 2 焊缝表面形貌
Figure 2. Surface morphology of welded joints. (a) press amount 5.3 mm; (b) press amount 5.4 mm; (c) press amount 5.5 mm; (d) press amount 5.6 mm; (e) press amount 5.7 mm
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图 3 焊缝截面形貌
Figure 3. Section morphology of welded joints. (a) press amount 5.3 mm; (b) press amount 5.4 mm; (c) press amount 5.5 mm; (d) press amount 5.6 mm; (e) press amount 5.7 mm
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图 4 焊缝组织微观形貌
Figure 4. Microstructure of welded joint. (a) the overall microstructure of the joint; (b) base metal; (c) weld-nugget zone; (d) heat-affected zone; (e) thermo-mechanically affected zone
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图 8 焊缝表面形貌
Figure 8. Surface morphology of welded joints. (a) Δt = 0.5 mm; (b) Δt = 1 mm; (c) Δt = −0.5 mm; (d) Δt = −1 mm
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