Influence of cusp magnetic field polarity on arc shape and weld characteristics of twin-electrode TIG welding
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摘要: 针对双钨极氩弧焊(T-TIG)存在的电弧压力小、焊缝熔深浅等问题，引入不同极性的外加尖角磁场辅助T-TIG焊方法.分别采用高速摄像机和红外摄像仪研究不同极性的尖角磁场对电弧形态和焊缝特征的影响规律，并构建物理模型以揭示尖角磁场与电弧等离子体间的相互作用机制.结果表明，外加尖角磁场影响着T-TIG电弧形态和焊缝温度场，两种极性的尖角磁场都对其热影响区组织有细化作用.其中，在正极性的尖角磁场作用下，T-TIG电弧形态变化程度更大，焊缝温度场更加集中，焊缝熔深比未加磁场时增加37.1%，同时能量利用效率提高31.6%.Abstract: Aiming at the problems of low arc pressure and shallow weld penetration in twin-electrode TIG (T-TIG) welding, a T-TIG welding method assisted by cusp magnetic fields with different polarities is introduced. A high-speed camera and an infrared camera were used to study the influence of cusp magnetic fields of different polarities on arc shape and weld characteristics, and a physical model was constructed to reveal the interaction mechanism between cusp magnetic fields and arc plasma. The results show that the external cusp magnetic field affects the shape of the T-TIG arc and the temperature field of the weld, and the cusp magnetic fields of both polarities can refine the structure of the heat-affected zone. Among them, under the action of a positive cusp magnetic field, the T-TIG arc shape changes more greatly, the weld temperature field is more concentrated, the penetration depth of the weld is increased by 37.1% compared with that without a magnetic field, and the energy utilization efficiency increases by 31.6%.
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Keywords:
- T-TIG welding /
- cusp magnetic field /
- different polarities /
- arc shape /
- weld characteristics
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图 3 不同极性的磁场示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of magnetic fields of different polarities. (a) positive cusp magnetic field; (b) negative cusp magnetic field
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图 4 T-TIG电弧形态变化
Figure 4. Morphological change of T-TIG arc. (a) arc shape of xOz surface without magnetic field; (b) arc shape of yOz surface without magnetic field; (c) arc shape of xOz surface with positive cusp magnetic field; (d) arc shape of yOz surface with positive cusp magnetic field; (e) arc shape of xOz surface with negative cusp magnetic field; (f) arc shape of yOz surface with negative cusp magnetic field
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图 5 施加尖角磁场前后T-TIG磁场分布示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of T-TIG magnetic field distribution before and after applying a cusp magnetic field. (a) before applying cusp magnetic field; (b) after applying cusp magnetic field
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图 7 焊缝不同位置温度曲线
Figure 7. Temperature curves of different positions of the weld. (a) temperature curve at position 1; (b) temperature curve at position 2; (c) temperature curve at position 3
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图 8 焊缝横截面对比
Figure 8. Weld cross section comparison. (a) no magnetic field applied; (b) apply positive cusp magnetic field; (c) apply negative cusp magnetic field
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图 9 显微组织形貌对比
Figure 9. Microstructure and morphology comparison. (a) microstructure of heat affected zone without magnetic field; (b) microstructure of weld zone without magnetic field; (c) microstructure of weld zone with positive cusp magnetic field; (d) microstructure of weld zone positive cusp magnetic field; (e) microstructure of heat affected zone with negative cusp magnetic field; (f) microstructure of weld zone with negative cusp magnetic field
表 1 母材化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical composition of base metal
C Mn Si S P Fe ≤0.2 ≤1.7 ≤0.5 ≤0.035 ≤0.035 余量 
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表 2 焊接工艺参数
Table 2 Welding process parameters
焊接电流I/A 焊接速度v/(mm·min−1) 钨极间距D/mm 钨极高度h/mm 励磁电流Im/A 磁感应强度B/mT 100 + 100 300 2 1.5 70 76
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表 4 能量利用效率相关参数
Table 4 Parameters related to energy utilization efficiency
方法 焊缝熔深L/mm 横截面积S/mm2 能量利用效率Em/(kJ·s−1) 变化率δ(%) 未加磁场 1.94 5.11 0.19 — 施加正极性磁场 2.66 6.67 0.25 31.6 施加负极性磁场 1.89 5.40 0.20 5.3
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