铝合金激光-MIG复合焊熔滴对匙孔作用的模拟

李俐群; 何平; 宫建锋

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220304002

铝合金激光-MIG复合焊熔滴对匙孔作用的模拟

李俐群^{1, 2,},
何平^{1, 2},
宫建锋^{1, 2}

1.
哈尔滨工业大学, 先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室, 哈尔滨, 150001
2.
哈尔滨工业大学, 哈尔滨, 150001

基金项目: 国防科技基础加强计划资助(2019-JCJQ-JJ-597)

详细信息

作者简介:
李俐群，博士，教授，博士研究生导师；主要研究方向为金属材料激光增材制造、高功率激光焊接、超快激光微纳加工、激光熔覆与修复和激光加工过程质量监控等；Email: liliqun@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG456.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-03
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-26

Simulation analysis of droplet action on keyhole during laser-MIG composite welding of aluminum alloy

Liqun LI^{1, 2,},
Ping HE^{1, 2},
Jianfeng GONG^{1, 2}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
2.
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China

摘要

摘要: 将复合焊接过程中的反冲压力、表面张力等驱动力及熔滴过渡行为考虑在内，建立5A06铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接数值模拟热流耦合模型，由于熔池内的流动及匙孔稳定性对焊接性能有重要影响，因此针对熔滴与匙孔及熔池稳定性的影响进行了系统讨论，并且通过采用不同的熔滴落入位置进行计算.结果表明，当熔滴落入位置距激光中心较近时，熔滴对匙孔的冲击作用较大，匙孔壁的平均流速和波动频率有所增加，匙孔更易由于周期性的熔滴过渡而产生液桥发生闭合，熔滴落入位置还会影响匙孔深宽比，进而影响激光能量的菲涅尔吸收.
- 激光-MIG复合焊接 /
- 熔滴过渡 /
- 匙孔稳定性 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: In this paper, a coupled thermal flow model for 5A06 aluminum alloy laser-MIG hybrid welding is developed, which takes account of the driving forces such as recoil pressure, surface tension and droplet transfer behavior. The flow in the molten pool and the stability of the keyhole have an important impact on the welding performance, therefore, the influence of droplet and keyhole on the stability of molten pool is discussed systematically through numerical simulation with different droplet location. It is found that the impact of the melt drop on the keyhole is greater, the average velocity and wave frequency of the keyhole wall increase, and the keyhole bridge is more likely to be closed due to the periodic droplet transition, when the melting drop is close to the laser center. In addition, the location of melting drop will also affect the ratio of depth to width of the keyhole and thus affect the Fresnel absorption of laser energy.
- laser-MIG hybrid welding /
- welding droplet transition /
- keyhole stability /
- the numerical simulation

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图 1 三维模型和计算域(mm)

Figure 1. Three-dimensional model and computational domain

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图 2 焊缝横截面的模拟与试验结果对比

Figure 2. Comparison of simulated and experimental results of weld cross section

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图 3 熔滴冲击对匙孔稳定性的影响

Figure 3. Effect of droplet impact on keyhole stability. (a) 513.2 ms; (b) 513.5 ms; (c) 513.7 ms; (d) 513.9 ms; (e) 520.2 ms; (f) 529.2 ms

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图 4 不同熔滴落点位置匙孔壁面流速随时间变化

Figure 4. Relationship between the flow velocity of keyhole wall and time at different melting droplet location. (a) distance between melting droplet location and laser center L = 1 mm; (b) distance between melting droplet location and laser center L = 2 mm

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图 5 不同熔滴落点的匙孔形貌

Figure 5. Keyhole shapes of different droplet location. (a) L = 1 mm, t = 440 ms; (b) L = 1 mm, t = 466 ms; (c) L = 1 mm, t = 514 ms; (d) L = 2 mm, t = 440 ms; (e) L = 2 mm, t = 466 ms; (f) L = 2 mm, t = 514 ms

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图 6 不同熔滴落点匙孔开口直径波动情况

Figure 6. Fluctuation of the diameter above the keyhole at different droplet location

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表 1 5A06铝合金材料热物性参数

Table 1 Thermophysical properties of 5A06 aluminum alloy

密度 ρ/(kg·m⁻³)	液相线温度 T_L/K	固相线温度 T_S/K	热膨胀系数 β/10⁻⁵K⁻¹	熔化潜热 L_m/(10⁵J·kg⁻¹)	热导率 λ/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	比热容 c_P/(J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	辐射系数 ε
2630	940	830	1.92	3.87	100	1230	0.08

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表 2 不同熔滴落点条件匙孔壁面流速

Table 2 Flow velocity of keyhole wall under different melting droplet location conditions

熔滴落点与激光距离L/mm	匙孔壁最大流速v_max/(m·s⁻¹)	匙孔壁最小流速v_min/(m·s⁻¹)	匙孔壁平均流速v/(m·s⁻¹)
1	1.76	0.56	1.07
2	1.52	0.46	0.85

下载: 导出CSV

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