炸药覆盖层对爆炸焊接影响的数值模拟

缪广红; 胡昱; 艾九英; 祁俊翔; 马宏昊; 沈兆武

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20220121002

炸药覆盖层对爆炸焊接影响的数值模拟

1.
安徽理工大学, 淮南, 232001
2.
中国科学技术大学, 中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点试验室, 合肥, 230027

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(11902003, 51874267)；安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目(KJ2017A089)；高校优秀青年骨干人才国外访学研修项目(gxgwfx2019017).

详细信息

作者简介:
缪广红，1985年出生，博士，副教授，硕士生导师；主要从事含能材料、爆炸复合及爆炸安全等项目研究. Email: miaogh@mail.ustc.edu.cn

中图分类号: TG 456.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-20
- 网络出版日期: 2023-01-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-24

Numerical simulation research on the effect of explosive covering on explosive welding

1.
Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
2.
CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China

摘要

摘要: 为探究炸药覆盖层厚度对爆炸焊接的影响，采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件并结合SPH-FEM耦合算法，对不同覆层厚度下的爆炸焊接试验进行三维数值模拟. 文中采用厚度为 20 mm 的Q235钢和厚度为 2.5 mm 的304不锈钢作为基板和复板. 根据相应的材料参数理论计算了焊接过程中的动态参数，并以此建立爆炸焊接窗口. 仿真结果表明，与无覆盖层爆炸焊接相比，覆盖层厚度为15 mm、 30 mm 和45 mm 时冲击速度分别提高了39.3%， 58.1%和68.8%，碰撞压力分别增大了41.0%， 65.6% 和80.6%. 仿真结果与试验结果基本一致. 利用SPH法进行二维数值模拟，得到了装配炸药覆盖层时复板与基板的复合界面. 仿真结果表明，复合板在覆层厚度为15 mm时具有良好的波形复合界面，且界面波形与试验金相分析结果较为吻合.
- 爆炸焊接 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 覆盖层 /
- SPH-FEM耦合
Abstract: In order to research the influence of covering thickness on explosive welding, the explosive welding experiments under different covering thickness are simulated in three dimensions by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA software and combining the SPH-FEM coupling algorithm. The Q235 steel with the thickness of 20 mm and the 304 stainless steel with the thickness of 2.5 mm are used as the base plate and the flyer plate in the present study. The dynamic parameters in the welding process are calculated according to the corresponding material parameter theory, and an explosive welding window is established. The simulation results show that, compared to the explosive welding without covering, the impact velocity is increased by 39.3%, 58.1% and 68.8% respectively when the covering thickness is 15 mm, 30 mm and 45 mm. And the collision pressure is increased by 41.0%, 65.6% and 80.6% respectively. The simulation results approximately agree with the experimental results. The SPH method is used to carry out two-dimensional numerical simulation to obtain the composite interface between flyer plate and base plate when assembling covering. The simulation results show that the composite plate has a good waveform composite interface when the covering thickness is 15 mm, and the interface waveform is more consistent with the results of the metallographic analysis in the experiment.
- explosive welding /
- numerical simulation /
- covering /
- SPH-FEM coupling

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图 1 计算模型示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of calculation model

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图 2 爆炸焊接窗口

Figure 2. Explosive welding window.

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图 3 结合面上的一对特征单元

Figure 3. A pair of element on the joint surface.

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图 4 不同覆层厚度下特征单元A与B的速度-时间历程

Figure 4. Velocity-time history of element A and B under different covering thicknesses. (a) Colloidal water covering thickness 0 mm; (b) Colloidal water covering thickness 15 mm; (c) Colloidal water covering thickness 30 mm; (d) Colloidal water covering thickness 40 mm

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图 5 碰撞速度随覆层厚度变化的增益曲线

Figure 5. Gain curve of impact velocity with variation of covering thickness

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图 6 基板与覆板的碰撞角β

Figure 6. Collision angle β of base plate and flyer plate

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图 7 覆层厚度15 mm时复板的压力云图

Figure 7. The pressure cloud diagram of the flyer plate when covering thickness is 15 mm. (a) 4.99 μs; (b) 18.99 μs; (c) 25.96 μs; (d) 46.99 μs; (e) 74.99 μs; (f) 90.98 μs

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图 8 15 mm覆层下复板界面结合处的三个特征单元

Figure 8. Three element at the junction of the flyer plate under the 15 mm covering

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图 9 三个特征单元的碰撞压力-时间分布图

Figure 9. Collision pressure-time distribution diagram of three element

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图 10 不同覆层厚度下特征单元A (元素17911)的碰撞压力分布

Figure 10. Impact pressure distribution of element A (element 17911) under different covering thicknesses. (a) Covering thickness 0 mm; (b) Covering thickness 15 mm; (c) Covering thickness 30 mm; (d) Covering thickness 45 mm

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图 11 不同覆层厚度下的位移云图和位移-时间历程图

Figure 11. Displacement cloud diagram and displacement-time history diagram under different covering thickness. (a) covering thickness 0 mm; (b) covering thickness 15 mm; (c) covering thickness 30 mm; (d) covering thickness 45 mm

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图 12 覆层厚度15mm复合界面波形对比图

Figure 12. Waveform comparison diagram on the composite interface when the covering thickness is 15 mm. (a) metallographic analysis composite interface; (b) 2D simulation composite interface

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表 1 乳化炸药的JWL状态方程参数

Table 1 JWL equation-of-state parameters of emulsion explosive

炸药爆速 D/(m∙s⁻¹)	炸药密度 ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	单位体积内能 E₀ /(kJ∙cm⁻³)	材料常数1 A_JWL /GPa	材料常数2 B_JWL/GPa	材料常数3 R₁	材料常数4 R₂	材料常数5 ω
3 027	1.01	3.323	326.42	5.808 9	5.8	1.56	0.57

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表 2 Q235钢与304不锈钢的Johnson-Cook材料模型参数

Table 2 Parameters of Johnson-Cook mode1l of Q235 steel and SUS304 steel

材料	密度 ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	剪切模量 G/GPa	初始屈服强度A/GPa	硬度常数 B/GPa	硬化指数 n	应变率强化参数c	软化指数 m	室内温度 T_r /K	金属熔点 T_m /K
Q235	7.85	77.0	0.792	0.51	0.26	0.014	1.03	294.0	1 493
SUS304	7.93	24.0	0.700	1.30	0.75	0.021	0.90	294.0	1 454

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表 3 Q235钢与304不锈钢的Gruneisen状态方程参数

Table 3 Gruneisen EOS parameters of Q235 steel and SUS304 steel

材料	体积声速 C/(km·s⁻¹)	斜率系数 S	Gruneisen系数 γ₀	体积修正系数 a
Q235	6.0	1.49	2.17	0.46
SUS304	4.5	1.49	1.93	0.50

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表 4 胶体水覆层的材料模型与状态方程参数

Table 4 Model and EOS parameters of Colloidal water

密度 ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	截止压力 P_C/Pa	动态粘度系数 M_U/(10⁻⁴ N·s·m⁻²)	体积声速 C/(km·s⁻¹)	斜率系数S	Gruneisen 系数γ₀
0.998	−10.0	8.684	0.164 7	1.921	0.35

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表 5 Q235钢与304不锈钢的材料性能

Table 5 The material properties of Q235 steel and SUS304 steel

材料	密度 ρ/(g·cm⁻³)	材料声速 C₀/(km·s⁻¹)	拉伸强度 σ_b/GPa	维氏硬度 HV/GPa	材料熔点 T_m/℃	热导率 κ/(W·m⁻¹·℃⁻¹)
Q235	7.85	6.00	0.405	1.30	1 493	38
SUS304	7.93	4.50	0.560	1.70	1 454	22

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表 6 不同覆层厚度下的炸药爆速计算值

Table 6 Calculation value of explosive detonation velocity under different cladding thickness

覆层厚度h/mm	炸药爆速V_d/(m·s⁻¹)
0	2 950
15	3 398
30	3 530
45	3 582

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