HIP diffusion bonding of reduced activation steel double wall tube
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摘要: 双壁管可控制裂纹扩展路径，防止裂纹沿管径向扩展，显著提高了管的使用安全性，被认为是聚变堆包层增殖区冷却管的理想选择.针对双壁管复合焊接难题，从钢/铜/钢和钢/镍/钢平板复合结构开展了工艺优化试验. 结果表明，热等静压温度高于1 100 ℃时，钢/铜/钢复合界面处发生晶界扩散，焊接接头室温抗拉强度达601 MPa，界面纳米压痕硬度1.37 GPa；钢/镍/钢复合界面处产生了更宽的元素固溶扩散，室温抗拉强度可达630 MPa，界面处纳米压痕硬度2.05 GPa.采用优化后的热等静压参数制备了连接质量良好的多折弯双壁冷却管原型件.Abstract: The double-wall tube can control the crack propagation path and prevent the crack from spreading along the tube diameter, which significantly improves the safety of the tube. Therefore, it is the ideal choice for the cooling tube in the breeding blanket zone of fusion reactor. The process optimization experiments of steel/copper/steel and steel/nickel/steel flat composite structures were carried out to solve the problem of double-wall tube. The results show that grain boundary diffusion occurs at steel/copper/steel composite interface when the hot isostatic pressing temperature is higher than 1 100 ℃. The room temperature tensile strength of the welded joint reaches 601 MPa and the interface nanoindentation hardness is 1.37 GPa. Wider solid solution diffusion of elements occurs at the steel/nickel/steel composite interface, the tensile strength at room temperature can reach 630 MPa, and the nanoindentation hardness at the interface is 2.05 GPa. Prototypes of multi-bending double-wall cooling pipes with good connection quality were achieved by using optimized hot isostatic pressing parameters.
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图 2 两种中间层镀层的成分分析
Figure 2. Compositions analysis of coatings of two interlayers. (a) copper after electroplating; (b) Ni after electroplating
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图 3 两种焊接界面的线扫描分析
Figure 3. Line scan analysis of two welding interface.(a) Cu interlayer welding interface;(b) Ni interlayer welding interface
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图 4 两种中间层的微观形貌
Figure 4. Microscopic morphology of two interlayers. (a) Cu interlayer; (b) Ni interlayer
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图 5 不同中间层的硬度及弹性模量
Figure 5. Nano hardness and modulus of elasticity of different interlayer. (a) welding interface of Cu interlayer; (b) welding interface of Ni interlayer
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图 6 拉伸样品及其断口形貌
Figure 6. Tensile sample and fracture morphology. (a) two interlayer tensile specimens; (b) tensile fracture morphology of two interlayer
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图 7 双壁管原型件及其金相图
Figure 7. Prototype parts of DWTS and the metallographic diagram.(a) prototype parts of DWTS; (b) Cu interlayer; (c) Ni interlayer
表 1 CLF-1钢的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of CLF-1 steel
Cr W Mn V Ta C Fe 8.32 1.5 0.365 0.24 0.1 0.098 余量 
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表 2 拉伸结果
Table 2 Tensile results
中间层材料 测试温度T/℃ 抗拉强度Rm/MPa 断裂位置 Cu 25 601 钢侧 400 480 钢侧 Ni 25 630 钢侧 400 474 钢侧
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