Research on microstructure and properties of double-sided friction stir welding joint of 6082 aluminum alloy
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摘要: 文中研究了改变搅拌针针长与焊缝相对位置对25 mm厚6082-T6铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响规律. 结果表明，当搅拌针针长不足以覆盖1/2板厚时，针端搅拌力不足，焊缝中心存在大尺寸缺陷，拉伸与弯曲性能较差；当搅拌针针长超过1/2板厚0.5 mm时，焊缝中心依然存在间隙，但不明显影响拉伸与弯曲性能；当继续增加搅拌针针长时，焊缝中心缺陷消除，弯曲性能良好，但接头强度随针长继续增加而降低. 针长为14 mm时接头综合性能最好；同时发现焊接方向与横向偏移方向影响接头弯曲性能，当反面焊缝向后退侧偏移2.5 mm时，弯曲试样完好，当反面焊缝向前进侧偏移2.5 mm时，性能较为薄弱的后退侧HAZ会靠近焊缝中心，导致弯曲试样开裂.Abstract: The effects of needle length and weld position on microstructure and properties of 25 mm thick 6082-T6 aluminum alloy double-sided friction stir welding were studied in this paper. The results show that when the length of the stirring needle is not enough to cover half the thickness of the plate, the stirring force at the end of the stirring needle is insufficient, and there exist large defect in the weld center, and the tensile and bending properties are poor. When the length of the stirring needle is just over 1/2 plate thickness, there is still a small defect in the weld center, but it does not affect the tensile and bending properties obviously. When the length of the stirring needle continues to increase, the defects in the center of the weld are eliminated and the bending performance is good, but the joint strength decreases with the needle length continues to increase. In this study, the joint comprehensive performance is the best when the needle length is 14 mm. At the same time, it is found that the welding direction and the lateral offset direction affect the bending performance of the joint. When the reverse weld is offset by 2.5 mm to the retreat side, the bending sample is intact. When the reverse weld is offset by 2.5 mm to the advanced side, the backward HAZ with weaker performance will be close to the weld center, leading to the cracking of the bending sample.
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Keywords:
- friction stir welding /
- aluminum alloy /
- railway vehicles /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties
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图 2 焊缝中心区微观形貌
Figure 2. Metallographic results of weld center zone. (a) No.1; (b) No.2; (c) No.3; (d) No.4
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图 3 1号 ~ 4号板厚方向显微硬度结果
Figure 3. Microhardness results of plate thickness direction of No.1 to No.4
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图 4 1号 ~ 4号拉伸与弯曲试验结果和拉伸断裂位置
Figure 4. Tensile and bending test results and tensile fracture locations of No.1 to No.4
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图 6 焊缝中心拉伸断口微观形貌
Figure 6. Tensile fracture microstructure morphology in weld center. (a) No.1; (b) No.2; (c) No.3; (d) No.4
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图 7 5号 ~ 8号拉伸与弯曲试验结果和拉伸断裂位置
Figure 7. Tensile and bending test results and tensile fracture location of No.5 to No.8
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图 9 5号接头不同厚度处横向显微硬度分布
Figure 9. Transverse microhardness distribution at different joint thicknesses of No.5
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图 10 7号接头不同厚度处横向显微硬度分布
Figure 10. Transverse microhardness distribution at different joint thicknesses of No.7
表 1 6082-T6化学成分
Table 1 Chemical composition of 6082-T6
Mg Si Cu Fe Mn Cr Ni Ti Zn Al 0.75 0.78 0.10 0.26 0.5 0.10 0.04 0.10 0.10 余量 
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表 2 6082-T6力学性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of 6082-T6
屈服强度Rm/MPa 抗拉强度ReL/MPa 断后伸长率A(%) ≥ 240 ≥ 295 ≥ 8
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表 3 试样的针长、焊接方向与偏移方向
Table 3 Needle length, welding direction and offset direction of each sample
编号 针长 正反面焊接方向 反面焊缝横向偏移方向 1号 12mm 相同 无偏移 2号 13 mm 相同 无偏移 3号 14 mm 相同 无偏移 4号 15 mm 相同 无偏移 5号 14 mm 相同 AS侧偏移2.5 mm 6号 14 mm 相同 RS侧偏移2.5 mm 7号 14 mm 相反 AS侧偏移2.5 mm 8号 14 mm 相反 RS侧偏移2.5 mm
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