Effect of combined addition of Sn and Ce elements on the microstructure and properties of the joints brazed with BAg5CuZn filler metal
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摘要:
研究了Sn和Ce元素复合添加对低银BAg5CuZn钎料熔化特性、铺展性能、钎缝组织及钎焊接头力学性能的影响. 结果表明，随着低银钎料中Sn和Ce元素的复合添加，钎料的固、液相线温度显著降低，钎料在母材上的铺展面积增大，但当添加的Ce元素含量高于0.15%(质量分数)时，Ce元素会恶化钎料的铺展性能. 适量的Sn和Ce元素的添加可以显著改善BAg5CuZn钎料钎缝的显微组织，当添加Sn和Ce元素含量分别达到2%和0.15%时，钎缝组织明显细化且分布最为均匀. 然而，钎料中Ce元素添加量过多时，会倾向于Ag和Sn元素形成复杂的金属间化合物，并在组织晶界处析出，而使得钎缝组织的均匀性显著恶化. 当钎料中的Sn和Ce元素含量分别为2%和0.15%时，其钎焊接头抗剪强度达到最大值495 MPa，相比于BAg5CuZn钎料钎焊的接头抗剪强度提高了23.1%.
Abstract:The effects of Sn and Ce combined addition on the melting characteristics, spreading ability of BAg5CuZn filler metal, the microstructure and mechanical properties of their corresponding brazed joints were studied respectively. The results showed that the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the filler metals decreased significantly, and the spreading areas of the filler metals on the base metal increased with the combined addition of Sn and Ce elements. However, when the mass fraction of Ce element was higher than 0.15%, the spreading performance of the filler metals deteriorated. The addition of appropriate amount of Sn and Ce elements could significantly improve the microstructure of the joints brazed with BAg5CuZn filler metals. When the mass fractions of Sn and Ce elements reached 2% and 0.15% respectively, the microstructure of the joint was obviously refined, which the most uniform distribution was obtained. However, excessive Ce addition in the filler metal tended to form complex intermetallic compounds with Ag and Sn elements, and precipitate at the grain boundary, which significantly worsened the uniformity of the joint microstructure. When mass fractions of Sn and Ce elements in the filler metal were reached 2% and 0.15% respectively, the shear strength obtained the maximum value of 495 MPa, which was 23.1% higher than that of the joint brazed with BAg5CuZn filler metal.
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图 1 Sn和Ce元素复合添加对钎料熔化特性的影响
Figure 1. Melting characteristics of BAg5CuZn filler metals with Sn and Ce combined addition
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图 2 Sn和Ce元素复合添加对钎料铺展性能的影响
Figure 2. Spreading ability of BAg5CuZn filler metals with Sn and Ce combined addition
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图 3 BAg5CuZn钎料钎缝显微组织
Figure 3. Microstructural morphology of brazed joints with BAg5CuZn filler metal
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图 4 BAg5CuZn-xSn-yCe钎料钎缝显微组织
Figure 4. Microstructural morphology of brazed joints with BAg5CuZn-xSn-yCe filler metal (a) BAg5CuZn-1Sn-0.05Ce; (b) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.05Ce; (c) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.15Ce; (d)BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.3Ce; (e) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.5Ce; (f) BAg5CuZn-4Sn-0.5Ce
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图 5 低银钎料304不锈钢/T2紫铜钎焊搭接接头
Figure 5. Brazed lap joints of 304 stainless steel /T2 copper with low silver filler metal
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图 6 不同Sn和Ce元素含量对钎焊接头抗剪强度的影响
Figure 6. Shear strength for brazed joints with different Sn and Ce content
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图 7 BAg5CuZn钎料钎焊接头断口扫描电子形貌
Figure 7. SEM of fracture surface of brazed joint with BAg5CuZn filler metal
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图 8 BAg5CuZn-xSn-yCe钎料钎焊接头断口扫描电子形貌
Figure 8. SEM of fracture surface of the joints brazed with BAg5CuZn-xSn-yCe filler metals. (a) BAg5CuZn-1Sn-0.05Ce; (b) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.05Ce; (c) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.15Ce; (d) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.3Ce; (e) BAg5CuZn-2Sn-0.5Ce; (f) BAg5CuZn-4Sn-0.5Ce
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图 9 BAg5CuZn-4Sn-0.5Ce钎料钎焊接头断口元素分布
Figure 9. Distribution of fracture elements in brazed joint with BAg5CuZn-4Sn-0.5Ce filler metal. (a) EDS elements mapping image; (b) Cu; (c) Zn; (d) Ag; (e) Sn; (f) Ce
表 1 低银钎料合金成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical composition of low-silver filler metals
编号N1 Ag Zn Sn Ce Cu 1 5 39.00 0 0 余量 2 5 38.42 1 0.05 余量 3 5 38.08 2 0.05 余量 4 5 37.92 2 0.15 余量 5 5 37.73 2 0.3 余量 6 5 37.45 2 0.5 余量 7 5 36.38 4 0.5 余量 
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表 2 钎缝组织能谱分析结果(质量分数，%)
Table 2 EDS results of microstructural morphology of brazed joints
位置 Ag Cu Zn Sn Ce A 6.59 60.78 32.63 — — B 21.54 43.58 34.88 — — C 12.66 48.80 35.78 2.74 0.02 D 4.28 60.38 34.57 0.73 0.04 E 11.15 48.43 34.62 5.73 0.07 F 7.75 57.37 32.26 1.79 0.83 G 10.59 53.92 28.33 6.98 0.18
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