The difference of CTOD of X80M pipeline steel fully automatic welded joints
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摘要:
针对不同预热条件下X80M钢管道全自动焊接接头，开展了裂纹尖端张开位移(crack tip opening displacement, CTOD)的差异性研究. 采用单边缺口3点弯曲试样进行CTOD试验，按照GB/T21143-2014标准和ISO15653-2018标准推荐的公式分别进行CTOD值的计算. 结果表明，两种计算公式结果不同，采用ISO 15653-2018标准推荐公式计算CTOD值结果与GB/T21143-2014标准相比平均偏高35%，差异出现的原因是两种标准的修正方式侧重点不同，即GB/T21143-2014标准针对裂纹长度变化进行修正，而ISO15653-2018标准针对测试温度的影响进行修正. 预热温度为80 ℃的接头试样CTOD值整体较低，其中按GB/T21143-2014标准计算有3个试样低于标准，最低为0.16 mm，按ISO 15653-2018标准计算有1个试样低于标准，最低为0.20 mm；预热温度为120 ℃时，所有试样在两种标准下计算的CTOD值均满足标准要求，焊接接头断裂韧性更好. 相同预热条件下，熔合区试样CTOD值整体高于焊缝区试样，且CTOD最大值均出现于熔合区，具有较好的断裂韧性，熔合区CTOD值受组织不均匀性的影响，不同位置间存在较大差异，存在性能的不均匀性.
Abstract:Aiming at the fully automatic welded joints of X80M steel pipe under different preheating conditions, the difference of crack tip opening displacement is studied. The CTOD test is carried out on single notch three-point bending specimen, and CTOD value is calculated according to the formula recommended in GB/T21143-2014 and ISO15653-2018. The results show that: Compared with GB/T21143-2014, the results of CTOD calculated by formula recommended by ISO 15653-2018 are 35% higher on average. This difference is mainly due to the difference in the emphasis of the correction methods of the two standards, that is, the GB standard corrects the change of crack length, while the ISO standard adjusts for temperature effects. The CTOD value of the joint sample under the preheating condition of 80 ℃ is low on the whole. According to GB/T21143-2014, three samples are lower than the standard, the lowest is 0.16 mm, and according to ISO 15653-2018, one sample is lower than the standard, the lowest is 0.20 mm. Under the preheating condition of 120 ℃, the calculated CTOD values of all samples under the two standards meet the standard requirements, and the fracture toughness of welded joints is better. Under the same preheating conditions, the CTOD values of the fusion zone are higher than that of the weld zone, and the maximum value of CTOD values appearing in the fusion zone, which has good fracture toughness. However, the CTOD value of the fusion zone is affected by the inhomogeneity of the structure, resulting in great differences between different positions and uneven performance distribution.
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Keywords:
- X80M pipeline steel /
- fully automatic welding /
- preheating temperature /
- CTOD
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图 3 不同预热温度焊接所得焊缝成形
Figure 3. Weld forming obtained by welding at different preheating temperatures. (a) preheat 80 ℃, cover weld; (b) preheat 80 ℃, root weld; (c) preheat 120 ℃, cover weld; (d) preheat 120 ℃, root weld
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图 6 CTOD试验预制疲劳裂纹位置
Figure 6. Prefabricated fatigue crack location in CTOD test. (a) fusion zone; (b) weld zone
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图 7 不同预热条件下X80M钢全自动焊接接头CTOD值对比
Figure 7. Comparison of CTOD values of fully automatic welded joints of X80M steel under different preheating conditions. (a) GB/T21143-2014 standard; (b) ISO 15653-2018 standard
表 1 母材与焊丝的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical composition of base metal and wire
材料 C Mn Cr Si Ni Cu Nb Fe X80M 0.04 1.75 0.25 0.19 0.15 0.10 0.05 余量 ER80S-Ni1 0.07 1.15 0.03 0.61 0.89 0.21 — 余量 ER80S-G 0.09 1.54 0.06 0.76 0.90 0.20 — 余量 
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表 2 试验材料力学性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of test material
预热温度T1/℃ 测试温度T2/℃ 规定非比例延伸强度
RP0.2/MPa抗拉强度Rm/MPa 80 −45 748 824 120 −45 748 831
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表 3 焊接接头CTOD计算值对比
Table 3 Comparison of CTOD values of welded joints
温度
T/℃位置 试样宽度
W/mm试样厚度
B/mm预制疲劳
裂纹长度
a0/mm最大载荷
F/kN缺口张开位
移塑性分量
Vp/mm国家标准
CTOD值
δ1/mm国际标准
CTOD值
δ2/mm相对偏差
ƞ(%)80 D1FL 40.08 20.10 18.53 56.675 1.04 0.31 0.43 35.35 D2FL 40.12 20.10 19.23 52.594 0.99 0.29 0.39 36.33 D3FL 40.04 20.08 19.66 50.335 0.76 0.23 0.31 35.09 D1WM 40.08 20.08 19.14 52.285 0.45 0.16 0.20 28.48 D2WM 40.10 20.12 18.84 55.608 0.69 0.23 0.30 32.89 D3WM 40.08 20.06 18.88 57.432 0.87 0.27 0.36 33.46 120 D1FL 40.08 20.02 18.80 55.471 1.50 0.43 0.58 36.24 D2FL 40.06 20.10 18.67 54.883 1.18 0.35 0.47 36.52 D3FL 40.02 20.06 19.39 54.758 2.21 0.59 0.80 37.26 D1WM 40.06 20.14 18.71 54.014 1.33 0.38 0.52 36.58 D2WM 40.06 20.14 18.94 55.679 1.18 0.34 0.47 35.76 D3WM 40.10 20.14 18.74 54.611 1.03 0.31 0.42 35.95
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表 4 CTOD塑性分量计算值对比
Table 4 Comparison of plastic component of CTOD values
温度
T/℃位置 应力强度因子
g/(MPa $\cdot {\rm{mm} }^{-\tfrac{1}{2} }$)转动半径
R/mm系数
τ国家标准CTOD塑性分量
Vp1/mm国际标准CTOD塑性分量
Vp2/mm80 D1FL 2.36 24.80 1.10 0.25Vp 0.37Vp D2FL 2.49 25.39 0.24Vp 0.35Vp D3FL 2.59 25.72 0.24Vp 0.34Vp D1WM 2.48 25.31 0.24Vp 0.35Vp D2WM 2.54 25.06 0.25Vp 0.36Vp D3WM 2.44 25.09 0.25Vp 0.36Vp 120 D1FL 2.42 25.02 1.09 0.25Vp 0.36Vp D2FL 2.40 24.90 0.25Vp 0.36Vp D3FL 2.54 25.50 0.24Vp 0.34Vp D1WM 2.40 24.94 0.25Vp 0.36Vp D2WM 2.45 25.14 0.25Vp 0.35Vp D3WM 2.40 24.97 0.25Vp 0.36Vp
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