Corrosion fatigue behavior of X65 pipeline steel welded joints under different stress ranges
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摘要: 通过腐蚀疲劳试验研究了在H2S环境中不同应力幅下X65管线钢焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳行为及机理，对试样的微观组织、断口和裂纹扩展路径进行了观察. 结果表明，X65管线钢焊接接头焊缝的微观组织主要由先共析铁素体、粒状贝氏体和M/A组元构成，M/A组元增大了焊缝的脆性. 粗晶热影响区主要由板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体组成，焊缝和粗晶热影响区的硬度较高，韧性较差. 在不同应力幅下X65管线钢焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳机理均为阳极溶解 + 氢脆混合机制，但低应力幅下腐蚀作用带来的损伤更加显著. 随着应力幅的增大，试样的腐蚀疲劳寿命显著降低，裂纹扩展的速率也越快. 此外，二次裂纹主要沿着贝氏体板条束的晶界扩展，裂纹尖端在针状铁素体和先共析铁素体处产生了钝化现象，这两类组织有着良好的抗氢脆能力.Abstract: The corrosion fatigue behavior and mechanism of X65 pipeline steel welded joints under different stress ranges in H2S environment were studied through corrosion fatigue experiment. The microstructure, fracture and crack propagation path of the specimens were observed. The results show that the microstructure of X65 pipeline steel weld is mainly composed of proeutectoid ferrite, granular bainite and M/A component, and the M/A component increases the brittleness of the weld. The coarse grain heat affected zone is mainly composed of lath bainite and granular bainite. The hardness of weld and coarse grain heat affected zone is high, and the toughness is low. The corrosion fatigue mechanism of X65 pipeline steel welded joints under different stress ranges is mixed of anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement, but damages caused by corrosion is more significant under low stress ranges. With the increase of stress amplitude, the corrosion fatigue life of the specimens decreases significantly, and the rate of crack propagation grows rapidly. In addition, the secondary cracks mainly spread along the grain boundary of the bainite strip, and the crack tip passivates at the acicular ferrite and the proeutectoid ferrite, which have exhibited excellent resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
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Keywords:
- X65 pipeline steel /
- welded joint /
- microstructure /
- corrosion fatigue behavior
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图 1 X65管线钢组织
Figure 1. Microstructure photograph of X65 pipeline steel. (a) OM image; (b) SEM image
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图 2 取样示意图和试样尺寸
Figure 2. Sampling diagram and sample size. (a) sampling diagram; (b) corrosion fatigue sample
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图 4 X65管线钢焊接接头截面形貌
Figure 4. Cross-section morphology of X65 pipeline steel welded joints
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图 5 X65管线钢焊接接头组织
Figure 5. microstructure photograph of welded joints of X65 pipeline steel. (a) WM(OM); (b) WM(SEM); (c) CGHAZ(OM); (d) CGHAZ(SEM); (e) FGHAZ(SEM); (f) FGHAZ(SEM)
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图 8 Δσ = 50，75 MPa时X65管线钢焊接接头腐蚀疲劳断口
Figure 8. Corrosion fatigue fractures of X65 pipeline steel welded joint at Δσ = 50, 75 MPa. (a) crack source at Δσ = 50 MPa; (b) corrosion products at Δσ = 50 MPa(200×); (c) corrosion products at Δσ = 50 MPa(100×); (d) crack source 1 at Δσ = 75 MPa; (e)crack source 2 at Δσ = 75 MPa; (f) corrosion products at Δσ = 75 MPa
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图 9 Δσ = 100，150，200 MPa时X65管线钢焊接接头腐蚀疲劳断口
Figure 9. Corrosion fatigue fractures of X65 pipeline steel welded joint at Δσ = 100, 150, 200 MPa. (a) crack source at Δσ = 100 MPa; (b) secondary crack at Δσ = 100 MPa; (c) fatigue striation at Δσ = 100 MPa; (d) crack source at Δσ = 150 MPa; (e) secondary crack at Δσ = 150 MPa; (f) fatigue striation at Δσ = 150 MPa; (g) crack source at Δσ = 200 MPa; (h) secondary crack at Δσ = 200 MPa; (i) fatigue striation at Δσ = 200 MPa
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图 10 Δσ = 150 MPa时X65管线钢焊接接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展路径
Figure 10. Propagation path of corrosion fatigue crack of X65 pipeline steel welded joint at Δσ = 150 MPa. (a) typical corrosion pit; (b)crack propagation front; (c) secondary crack; (d) M/A component near the secondary crack
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图 11 Δσ = 200 MPa时X65管线钢焊接接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展路径
Figure 11. Propagation path of corrosion fatigue crack of X65 pipeline steel welded joint at Δσ = 200 MPa. (a) typical corrosion pit; (b) crack passivation; (c) crack propagation front; (d) secondary crack
表 1 X65管线钢和ER80S-G焊丝的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of X65 pipeline steel and ER80S-G welding wire
材料 C Si Mn Nb P S Ni Cr Cu V Ti Fe X65 0.10 0.23 1.21 0.60 0.013 0.002 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.04 — 余量 ER80S-G 0.089 0.581 1.366 0.60 0.021 0.007 0.0833 0.011 0.106 — 0.024 余量 
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表 2 X65管线钢和ER80S-G焊丝的力学性能
Table 2 Mechanical properties of X65 pipeline steel and ER80S-G welding wire
材料 屈服强度
ReL/MPa抗拉强度
Rm/MPa断后伸长率
A(%)X65 465 565 30.0 ER80S-G 580 630 31.0
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表 3 焊接工艺参数
Table 3 Welding process parameters
焊道 焊接电流
I/A送丝速度
vs /(cm·min−1)焊接速度
v/(cm·min−1)摆动幅度
W/mm摆停时间
ts /s摆动速度
vb /(mm·s−1)层间温度
T/℃打底 130 ~ 165 30 ~ 32 10 ~ 13 3 0.2 120 250 热焊 230 ~ 245 45 ~ 50 12 7 0.4 130 250 填充 255 ~ 290 50 ~ 70 10 ~ 11 9 ~ 23 0.5 140 250 盖面 210 ~ 230 30 ~ 32 12 11 0.1 25 250
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表 4 X65管线钢焊接接头S-N曲线拟合参数
Table 4 S-N curve fitting parameters of X65 pipeline steel welded joint
测试频率
f/Hz拟合常数
m特征值Cm/1010 疲劳强度
R/MPa50%存活率 95%存活率 2 2.34 2.00 1.26 42
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