Effect of welding wire composition on microstucture and properties on Al/Cu laser welding-brazing joints
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摘要: 通过添加Zn-Al焊丝成功实现了2A16铝合金/T2铜异种材料的激光熔钎焊连接，并采用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对接头的微观组织进行表征，同时，研究了Zn-2%Al，Zn-5%Al和Zn-10%Al 3种焊丝对接头成形、微观组织以及力学性能的影响.结果表明，铝/铜激光熔钎焊接头主要由CuZn相，Al2Cu相，Al4Cu9相，CuZn5相，α-Al固溶体、β-Zn固溶体以及α-Al + β-Zn共晶组织组成；随着焊丝中Zn含量的降低，熔融焊缝的润湿性能逐渐提高. 当Zn-10%Al焊丝作为填充金属时，界面元素扩散反应较为充分，界面层厚度逐渐增加至7.02 μm，界面层与焊缝组织形成“机械咬合”连接，提高了接头的力学性能，接头的抗拉强度最高可达204 MPa.铝/铜接头显微硬度从铜侧至铝合金侧呈现出先上升后下降的趋势，最高显微硬度出现在界面层处，可达330.1 HV.Abstract: The laser welding-brazing connection of 2A16 aluminum alloy and T2 copper was successfully realized by adding Zn-Al welding wire. The microstructure of the joints was characterized by the scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. Meanwhile, the effects of three kinds of welding wire of Zn-2%Al, Zn-5%Al and Zn-10%Al on the joint formation, microstructure and machanical properties were investigated. Results indicated that the Al/Cu laser welding-brazing joints was mainly composed of CuZn phase, Al2Cu phase, Al4Cu9 phase, CuZn5 phase, α-Al solid solution, β-Zn solid solution, and α-Al+β-Zn eutectic structure. The wettability of the molten metal was increased with the decrese of Zn content in the welding wire. When the Zn-10% Al wire was used as filler metal, the diffusion reaction at the interface was gradually sufficient, and the thickness of the interface layer gradually increased to 7.02 μm. The “mechanical occlusion” is formed between the welding zone and the interface layer, which improves the machanical properties of the joint. The maxmuim tensile strength is up to 204 MPa when Zn-10% Al welding wire is used. The microhardness from Cu side to Al alloy side of the Al/Cu joints is increased first and then decreased. The highest microhardness is occurred at interface layer, reaching 330.1 HV.
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Keywords:
- welding-brazing /
- Zn-Al welding wire /
- wettability /
- mechanical occlusion /
- eutectic structure
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图 2 不同成分焊丝条件下接头的宏观形貌
Figure 2. Macroscopic appearance of joints under different wire composition. (a) Zn-2%Al front; (b) Zn-2%Alback; (c) Zn-5%Al front; (d) Zn-5% back; (e) Zn-10%Al front; (f) Zn-10%Al back
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图 3 不同焊丝成分条件下接头截面形貌
Figure 3. Cross-section appearance of joints under different wire composition. (a) Zn-2%Al; (b) Zn-5%Al; (c) Zn-10%Al
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图 4 铝/铜激光熔钎焊典型接头各区域显微组织
Figure 4. Microstructure on each regions of Al/Cu laser welding-brazing joints.(a) Cu side brazing zone; (b) weld center zone; (c) Al side fusion zone
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图 5 界面区SEM及放大图
Figure 5. SEM and magnification of interface layer.(a) interface of Zn-2%Al; (b) enlarged view at the interface of Zn-2%Al; (c) interface of Zn-5%Al; (d) enlarged view at the interface of Zn-5%Al; (e) interface of Zn-10%Al; (f) enlarged view at the interface of Zn-10%Al
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图 6 不同焊丝成分对接头抗拉强度的影响
Figure 6. Effect of different wire composition on tensile strength of joints
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图 7 不同焊丝成分对接头显微硬度的影响
Figure 7. Effect of different wire composition on microhardness of joints
位置 Zn-2%Al焊丝 Zn-5%Al焊丝 Zn-10%Al焊丝 Al Cu Zn 可能相 Al Cu Zn 可能相 Al Cu Zn 可能相 1 0 95.54 4.46 Cu 0 96.8 3.2 Cu 0 100 0 Cu 2 8.76 44.54 46.70 CuZn 15.78 42.12 42.10 CuZn 10.00 43.82 46.18 CuZn 3 60.07 30.64 9.29 Al2Cu 69.86 22.82 7.32 α-Al+Al2Cu 60.29 32.33 7.38 Al2Cu 4 64.27 9.46 26.26 α-Al 66.89 3.75 30.16 α-Al 30.32 68.30 1.38 Al4Cu9 5 16.44 3.35 80.21 β-Zn 21.70 2.69 75.61 β-Zn 10.97 15.22 73.81 CuZn5 6 43.77 10.76 45.47 α-Al+β-Zn 73.12 1.83 25.05 α-Al 41.23 6.85 51.92 α-Al+β-Zn 
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