TiB<sub>2</sub>基陶瓷/42CrMo合金层状梯度材料力学测试与结构设计

鲁明远; 韩保红; 赫万恒; 赵忠民

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20210405001

TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金层状梯度材料力学测试与结构设计

陆军工程大学石家庄校区，石家庄，050003

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11272355)

详细信息

作者简介:
鲁明远，硕士；主要研究方向为复合材料冲击与动态测试；Email：lumingyuan003@163.com

通讯作者:
韩保红，博士，教授；Email：tabcaps@163.com.

中图分类号: TG 404
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-09-29

TiB₂-based ceramics/42CrMo alloy layered gradient material mechanical test and structure design

Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003, China

摘要

摘要: 在以往超重力场合成梯度材料的基础上，制备出组分含量TiB₂-TiC-Fe呈连续梯度变化的TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金梯度材料. 对材料进行XRD，SEM，硬度测试以及三点弯曲强度测试，并采用电测法获取陶瓷基体部分的弹性模量，并在此基础上，对中间过渡区的弹性模量进行拟合，最后再采用解析方法计算梯度材料的应力应变分布. 结果表明，TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金相界呈连续梯度变化，硬度自陶瓷顶部至合金底部呈梯度递减.三点弯曲测试发现TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金材料具有类似于金属的塑性变形特征，从而出现明显的失效延迟行为. 采用电测法得出纯陶瓷组分的弹性模量约为560 GPa，参数拟合得出中间过渡区的弹性模量变化形式更趋近于三角函数，计算得出的应力表示自金属底部出现损伤，而后裂纹向陶瓷顶部方向扩展，与该材料试验现象契合.
- 梯度材料 /
- 力学性能 /
- 损伤失效 /
- 应变测量
Abstract: Based on the previous supergravity field synthesis gradient materials, a TiB2-based ceramic /42CrMo graded material with continuous gradient content of TiB₂-TiC-Fe has been preparatived. XRD, SEM, hardness test and three-point bending strength test on the materials are conducted. And electrical measuring method is used to obtain ceramic substrate part of elasticity modulus.The elastic modulus of the intermediate transition zone is fitted. Finally, an analytical method is used to calculate the stress-strain distribution of the graded material.The results show that the ceramic/alloy phase boundary changes in a continuous gradient, and the hardness decreases in a gradient from ceramic to metal. Three point bending test found that the type of material has similar to the metal plastic deformation features. Therefore, obvious failure delay behavior appears. The elastic modulus of pure ceramic is about 560 GPa. The variation form of elastic modulus in the intermediate transition zone is closer to trigonometric function. The calculated stress indicates that the damage occurs from the bottom of the metal, and then the crack spreads to the top of the ceramic, which is consistent with the experimental phenomenon of this type of material.
- graded materials /
- mechanical properties /
- damage failure /
- strain measurement

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图 1 维氏硬度测试图

Figure 1. Vickers hardness test diagram

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图 2 TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金各层XRD图谱

Figure 2. XRD pattern of the interface area of TiB₂-based ceramic/42CrMo alloy

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图 3 TiB₂基陶瓷/42CrMo合金过渡区域FESEM图

Figure 3. FESEM pattern of the interface area of TiB₂-based ceramic/42CrMo alloy. (a) ceramic base area；(b) intermediate transition area; (c) close to 42CrMo alloy base area; (d) 42CrMo alloy base

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图 4 陶瓷/合金层状梯度复合材料界面区域的硬度分布

Figure 4. Hardness distribution at the interface region of ceramic/alloy layer gradient composites

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图 5 陶瓷/金属梯度材料弯曲强度测试载荷-位移曲线

Figure 5. Load-displacement curve of the ceramic/metal gradient material bending strength test

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图 6 三点弯曲测试后材料试样

Figure 6. Material sample after three point bending test

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图 7 过渡区微裂纹形貌

Figure 7. Microcrack morphology of transition zone

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图 8 梯度材料优化设计截面图

Figure 8. Optimal design cross section of gradient materials

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表 1 试验材料的化学成分

Table 1 Chemical compositions of experimental material

材料	粒度d/μm	化学成分(质量分数，%)
材料	粒度d/μm	Ti	Fe	Al	Si	B₄C	C	B	B₂O₃
Ti粉	≤ 39	≥ 98.5	< 0.10	< 0.10	< 0.10	—	—	—	—
B₄C粉	≤ 30	—	—	—	—	≥ 97.5	< 0.20	< 0.15	< 0.30

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表 2 42CrMo合金调质钢的化学成分(25 ℃)(质量分数，%)

Table 2 Chemical compositions of of 42CrMo steel

Fe	C	Cr	Mo	S	P	Si	Cu	Ni	Mn
96.80 ~ 97.77	0.38 ~ 0.45	0.90 ~ 1.20	0. 15 ~ 0.25	≤ 0.035	≤ 0.035	0.17 ~ 0.37	≤ 0.03	≤ 0.03	0.50 ~ 0.80

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表 3 42CrMo合金调质钢的力学性能(25 ℃)

Table 3 Mechanics properties of 42CrMo steel

密度 $ \rho $/(g·cm⁻³)	熔点 T_m/℃	抗拉强度 R_m/MPa	屈服强度 R_eL/MPa	冲击韧性 a_k/(J·cm⁻²)	热导率 λ/(W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)	线膨胀系数 a/(10⁻⁶K⁻¹)
7.85	1 399	≥ 1 080	≥ 931	≥ 78	6.8	11.1

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