铝合金TIG电弧横焊接头缺陷及控制
Welding defects and its control in TIG Arc welding of aluminum alloys in horizontal position
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摘要: 重型运载火箭燃料贮箱要求对铝合金进行立式装配焊接，TIG电弧横焊是能够较好满足制造要求的方法之一.对铝合金TIG电弧横焊接头的成形特点和焊接缺陷进行分析，利用平板堆焊试验研究焊接电流、焊接速度和焊枪角度对焊缝正面偏移量的影响，最后研究焊接电流频率对气孔缺陷的影响规律.结果表明，采用较小的焊接电流、较快的焊接速度有助于降低焊缝正面的不对称性，利用电弧分力可以抑制熔池下淌，焊接频率为100 Hz时气孔缺陷最少.结合上述试验结果提出了铝合金横焊缺陷的控制措施并进行了试验验证.Abstract: Heavy-lift launch vehicle's fuel tank requires aluminum alloy to be vertically assembled and welded, horizontal positions TIG arc welding is one of the methods which meets the requirements of the manufacture. The characteristic of the horizontal position weld and its welding defects were analyzed. The influence of welding current, welding speed and welding torch angle on the offset distance in weld top side was studied by bead on plate welding experiments. Moreover, the effect of welding current frequency on welding porosity defect was investigated. Research results indicate that smaller welding current and faster welding speed are beneficial for the symmetry of horizontal joints. The arc force can restrain the downward flow of the molten metal in weld pool. The welding porosity defect was the least when welding current frequency was 100 Hz. The control method for welding defects was proposed based on the above results and a good horizontal weld could be obtained by using the proposed control method.
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