不同驱动力对熔池表面变形行为影响的数值模拟
Numerical simulation of effects of different driving force on surface deformation of weld pool
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摘要: 基于流体动力学方程，采用焓-孔隙度法来处理液-固相变，采用VOF方法追踪熔池自由表面变形，建立了固定电弧下的三维瞬态TIG焊熔池数学模型，求解获得了在浮力、Marangoni力、电磁力和电弧压力单独作用时的熔池表面变形行为及其温度场与速度场的分布.模拟结果表明，在大电流（I≥250 A）时，在浮力、表面张力温度系数为正时的Marangoni力、电磁力单独作用于熔池上表面将会产生凸起变形，在电弧压力、表面张力温度系数为负时的Marangoni力单独作用下，熔池上表面将会产生凹陷变形.在大电流下，TIG焊和活性TIG焊熔池均产生凹陷变形.TIG焊熔池的中心区域形成向内的涡流，边缘部位形成向外的涡流，而活性TIG熔池在熔池中心和熔池边缘则分别形成两种成因不同的内向涡流.熔池表面变形量并不是各个驱动力作用的简单叠加.Abstract: A three-dimensional transient mathematical model of weld pool for a stationary tungsten inert gas welding was established based on the fluid dynamic equations. In this model, enthalpy-porosity method was used to handle liquid-solid phase change, VOF method was employed to track the free surface deformation of the weld pool. By solving these equations, the deformation behavior of surface and the distributions of temperature and velocity were obtained under the independent action by buoyancy, Marangoni force, electromagnetic force and arc pressure, respectively. The results indicate that,at high welding current (I≥250 A), a surface projection forms in weld pool when buoyancy, Marangoni force with positive temperature coefficient of surface tension and electromagnetic force were acted independently, while a surface depression formsunder the action of arc pressure, Marangoni force with negative temperature coefficient of surface tension. At high welding current, weld pool depression phenomenon appears for both TIG welding and activated flux TIG welding. For TIG welding, there exists an inward vortex in the central zone of the weld pool, while a outward vortex appears in the periphery.For activated flux TIG welding, two inward vortexes are induced by different factors in the central zone and periphery of the weld pool,respectively. The magnitude of surface deformation was not superimposed simply by each driving force.
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Keywords:
- VOF method /
- driving force /
- surface deformation /
- weld pool
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