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980 MPa高强钢焊接接头薄弱环节的确定

Study on weakest link of welding joint of a 980 MPa high strength steel

  • 摘要: 通过在低温下进行拉伸试验、冲击试验以及扫描电镜下的断口观察,对屈服强度为980 MPa新型高强钢的MAG和TIG焊接接头的性能和断裂机理进行了研究,并在此基础上确定焊接接头的薄弱环节,提出其薄弱环节对接头整体性能的影响规律.结果表明,这两种焊接方法焊缝金属的抗拉强度与母材相差不大,但其断面收缩率有所降低;焊缝金属尤其原始焊缝是整个焊接接头的薄弱环节;原始焊缝比例和焊缝比例共同决定着焊接接头的整体性能.MAG焊试样的冲击韧性要比TIG焊相应的韧性小很多;MAG焊焊缝断口为准解理断裂,而TIG焊焊缝断口则是韧性断裂.出现这种现象的原因主要是以下两个方面:一方面是由于TIG焊焊丝的镍含量比MAG焊焊丝的要高,致使其韧性好于MAG焊;另一方面是因为MAG焊焊缝金属含有大量夹杂物,且夹杂物尺寸大于TIG焊焊缝金属中夹杂物尺寸,大量大尺寸的夹杂物容易形成起裂源,使其诱发早期脆性准解理断裂.

     

    Abstract: In this paper,the properties and fracture mechanisms of MAG and TIG welding joint of a new 980MPa high strength steel were studied by impact test,tensile test and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) observations.The weak link of welding joints was determined,and effects of weak link on the whole impact toughness of joints were obtained.By a series of experiments,the following results were obtained:the tensile strength had few discrepancies between the two weld metals and base metal,but the percentage of area reduction was lower than base metal.Weld metal(especially original weld metal) is the weakest links on the welding joints.The proportions of the original weld metal and weld metal had an effects on impact toughness,Charpy toughness of MAG welding joints was smaller than that of TIG welding joints.For MAG welding joints,quasi-cleavage fracture with many cleavage facets dominated the whole fracture surface.For TIG welding joints,ductile fracture with many dimples dominated the whole fracture surface.The phenomena was attributed to two reasons:on the one hand,the amount of nickel in welding stick of TIG welding joints were more than that of MAG welding joints,so its fracture toughness was better than that of MAG welding joints.On the other hand,there were many inclusions in MAG weld metals,and the size of these inclusions are larger than that of TIG welding weld metal.Cracks were initiated from these large inclusions easily,which induced the early brittle quasi-cleavage fracture.

     

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