焊接热源有效利用率的测试计算法
DETERMINATION OF WELDING HEAT SOURCE EFFICIENCY BY MEASURING-CALCULATING METHOD
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摘要: 给出实际热输入值是正确求解焊接热弹塑性问题和焊接残余应力与变形问题的前提;因而,准确地确定热源有效利用率η,在焊接力学的发展中是一个急待解决的命题。本文推荐采用的"测试计算法"提供了一个能够准确、简捷地求得η值的新途径。引入被焊材料的熔化潜热系数后,给出了线热源加热焊缝金属至熔化温度(处于液态)时的实际热有效利用率ηt的表达式。在四种不同类型的薄板材料上进行了钨极氩弧焊试验,测试计算结果与理论值相符合。理论推导与试验结果均证明,形成焊缝所需要的线能量的无量纲数值等于焊缝金属熔化热有效利用率ηt的倒数。文中给出的焊接规范参数选择原则也适用于符合线热源条件的其它熔焊热源。η值不但与焊接工艺方法、规范参数有关,而且也随被焊材料的热物理特性不同而异。Abstract: To know the actual welding heat input is the prerequisite for solving in a precise manner the thermal elasto-plastic problems and for evaluating residual stresses and distortions when more accurate results are expected.For this reason,the determination of the heat source efficiency η is a pressing subject in the course of developing welding mechanics.In this paper,the authors present a "measurng-calculating method" which provides a new and accurate shortcut to determine the heat source efficiency η.By introducing the proper melting latent heat coefficient p the actual efficiency ηf for linear heat source was given in a modified formula.The experimental data on four different thin plates by using TIG welding agreed well with the theoretical resuets of calculation.It is proved by theoretical deduction and confirmed by experiment that the dimensionless value of linear heat input for forming weld bead is the reciprocal of coefficient ηf.The principle for selecting welding parameters given in this paper could also be used for other fusion welding heat sources,if their conditions are in compliance with those of the linear heat source.The coefficient η is not only related to the welding technology and parameters but also varies with the thermophysiocal characteristics of the materials to be welded.
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期刊类型引用(2)
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