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氢致延迟裂缝的启裂及扩展过程的研究

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PROCESS OF INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF HYDROGEN INDUCED CRACKING

  • 摘要: 通过声发声法及插销试验对高强钢的氢致裂缝的启裂、扩展以及断裂过程进行了试验研究,凭借第一个(或连续数个) A、E信号成功地捕获了启裂点。实验结果表明:环形缺口插销试件中延迟裂缝的启裂位置是有规律的,常位于熔合线与缺口相交处附近。根据A、E波形可将整个过程划分为启裂、延迟扩展、快速扩展、瞬时断裂四个时期,在断口上也可看到相应的分区,利用扫描电镜研究了各区的微观形貌。随着裂缝从延迟区→快速区→终断区扩展,裂缝前端的断裂强度因子K逐渐加大,HD逐渐减少,断口形貌也有IG+QCHE→QC+DR→DR的变化。作者认为,延迟扩展期体现氢致延迟裂缝的本质。因此。启裂及延迟扩展区的断口是最有代表性的。此外,利用多试样法探讨了插销试件上裂缝的扩展途径。本文还讨论了,氢含量对延迟裂缝扩展区的断口微观形貌的影响,除氢处理后的试件中无IG (或很少),低氢时有较多的(IG)DR,高氢下则冰糖状IG形貌增多,证实了氢对原奥氏体晶界有明显的脆化作用。

     

    Abstract: The process of initiation,propagation and rupture of hydrogen induced delayed cracks was investigated by means of acoustic emission(A.E.) technique and implant testing method.By taking the first A.E.signal,or several successive signals,position of initiation of cracking can be sought out with certainty.Experimental results show that in testing implants with circular notch the position of initiation located normally at a point near the intersection of the fusion boundary and the notch.According to the waveform of A.E.,the process can be divided into four stages,i.e.,initiation, delayed propagation,rapid propagation and instantaneous rupture.The microfractography of the different regions shown on the fracture surface,relevantly standing for the different stages,was studied with a scanning electron microscope.As the crack propagates from the delayed-region into the rapid-region and then into the final rupture region,the stress intensity factor K on the tip of the crack gradually increases,while HD decreases, and the micro-appearance of fracture surface changes from IG+QCHE to QC+DR to DR. The authors maintain that the delayed propagation stage is the essence of hydrogen induced delayed cracking,therefore the delayed-region of the fracture surface is the most significant one.The path of crack propagation in an implant was investigated by the multiple sample method.In this paper the influence of hydrogen on the micro-appearance of the delayed region of fracture surface was also discussed.The act that implant samples after treatment for hydrogen removal have no or extremely few IG modes on fracture surface,whereas those with low hydrogen content have quite a number of (IG)DR modes and thase with high hydrogen content suffer from having an increased number of crystal sugar like IG modes obviously indicates the harmful effect of hydrogen on the grain boundary of primary austenite.

     

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