钛合金焊接气孔形成机理的研究
MECHANISM OF PORE FORMATION IN TITANIUM WELDS
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摘要: 本文研究了焊前清理和处理对气孔形成的影响,进行了改变焊接速度和氩弧点焊试验以观察熔池存在时间对气孔形成的影响。用扫描电镜对带气孔焊缝断面和气孔内表面进行观察,发现多数气孔内表面上有直径约1μ的微气泡和个别固体质点。分析了气孔的形成过程,根据前人的工作和我们的工作发展了气孔形成的"气孔核"观点,认为上述微气泡和固体质点起到"气孔核"作用,其中以微气泡的怍用为主。把气孔分为熔合线气孔和焊缝中部气孔,讨论了两类气孔形成过程的差别。焊前清理和热处理减少气孔是由于减少了"气孔核"的结果。上述观点完满地解释了前人难以解释的现象。Abstract: The effect of the preweld cleaning and heat treatment of titanium plate as well as the duration of the weld puddle on the pore formation in titanium weld has been investigated in this paper. The duration of the weld puddle is controlled by either changing the weld travel speed or varying the duration of the argon arc spot welding. Both the fracture surface with the pores and the internal wall of the pore chamber were observed by using scanning electron microscope. We discovered the micro-pores with about 1 micron in diameter and individual solid particle on the wall of most of the pores. Analyzing the process of fhe pore formation and the works which have been published, we further develop the view point of pore nucleation with regard to the pore formation. We consider that both the above mentioned micropores and particle act as pore nuclei, however, the former plays a more important role. The difference between the pore formation near the fusion boundaries and that in the middle portion of the weld has been discussed. The reduction of the number of pores in the weld by preweld cleaning and heat treating titanium plate is due to reduction of the number of pore nuclei. The view point of pore nucleation can satisfactorily explain the phenomena which have not yet been solved.