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三种焊料蠕变特性与Garofalo本构模型

Creep characteristics and Garofalo constitutive models of three solders

  • 摘要: 针对焊料层容易因蠕变变形引发失效的问题,基于拉伸蠕变试验系统研究了Sn96.5Ag3.5,Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5及Sn95Sb5三种焊料的蠕变行为.首先基于拉伸蠕变试验结果建立三种焊料的Garofalo本构模型,并对比三种焊料的蠕变性能;然后对Garofalo本构模型参数进行验证,并分析Garofalo本构模型参数的敏感度;最后,观察三种焊料拉伸蠕变试验后的SEM断口形貌,分析其蠕变行为和断裂机制.结果表明:Sn95Sb5焊料比Sn96.5Ag3.5和Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5焊料更适合长时间高温工况.此外,三种焊料Garofalo本构模型拟合精度均较高,且模型参数的敏感性从高到低依次为参数α—参数Q—参数n—参数A.通过对比断口形貌发现,温度和应力载荷增大会使断裂机制从延性断裂逐渐向脆性断裂转变.同时,在高温高应力条件下,Sn96.5Ag3.5和Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5两种焊料断口晶粒较多,更倾向于脆性断裂或晶间断裂;而Sn95Sb5焊料断口韧窝较多,表明其断裂机制以韧性断裂为主.

     

    Abstract: To address the issue that the solder layer is prone to failure due to creep deformation, the creep behaviors of three types of solders, namely Sn96.5Ag3.5, Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5, and Sn95Sb5, were systematically studied based on tensile creep tests. Firstly, based on the results of tensile creep tests, the Garofalo constitutive models for the three solders were established, and the creep properties of the three solders were compared. Then, the parameters of the Garofalo constitutive models were verified, and the sensitivities of the parameters were analyzed. Finally, the SEM fracture morphologies of the three solders after tensile creep tests were observed, and their creep behaviors and fracture mechanisms were analyzed. The results indicate that Sn95Sb5 solder is more suitable for long-term high-temperature working conditions than Sn96.5Ag3.5 and Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 solders. In addition, the fitting accuracies of the Garofalo constitutive models for the three solders are relatively high, and the order of the sensitivities of the model parameters from high to low is parameter α—parameter Q—parameter n—parameter A. By comparing the fracture morphologies, it is found that the increase in temperature and stress load causes the fracture mechanism to gradually change from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. Under high-temperature and high-stress conditions, the fracture surfaces of Sn96.5Ag3.5 and Sn96.5Ag3.0Cu0.5 solders exhibit more grains, and they are more prone to brittle fracture or intergranular fracture; the fracture surface of Sn95Sb5 solder exhibits more dimples, indicating that its fracture mechanism is mainly ductile fracture.

     

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