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Zn含量对SnBiZnIn系中熵低温无铅钎料显微组织和性能的影响

Effect of Zn content on microstructure and properties of SnBiZnIn-based medium-entropy low-temperature lead-free solders

  • 摘要: 为开发先进电子封装用高性能低温无铅钎料,采用熔炼法制备SnBiZnIn系中熵钎料,探究不同Zn含量(摩尔分数xZn = 31.66%,xZn = 15.83%和xZn = 7.91%)对SnBiZn5In钎料显微组织、热学性能、润湿性以及钎料/Cu基板界面反应行为的影响.通过等温时效试验揭示界面金属间化合物(intermetallic compound, IMC)层生长动力学规律.结果显示,Zn含量降低可细化钎料组织、改善元素分布均匀性,提升润湿性并减小界面IMC层厚度.当Zn摩尔分数xZn = 7.91%时,Sn55Bi32Zn8In5钎料综合性能最优,其熔点低至122.03 ℃,回流焊后界面形成1.93 μm厚的致密Cu5Zn8型IMC层,接触角仅28.9°.时效试验表明,低Zn含量钎料的IMC层生长激活能更高,原子扩散阻力更强,时效稳定性更优.该钎料为三维集成芯片(three-dimensional integrated circuit, 3DIC)低温互连提供了高性能解决方案,具有工程应用价值.

     

    Abstract: To develop high-performance low-temperature lead-free solders for advanced electronic packaging, a series of medium-entropy SnBiZnIn-based solders were fabricated via a melting method. This study investigates the effects of varying Zn contents (31.66%, 15.83%, and 7.91% in mole fraction) on the microstructure, thermal properties, wettability, and interfacial reactions with Cu substrates of SnBiZn5In solders. Isothermal aging experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth kinetics of the interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layers. The results show that reducing the Zn content refines the solder microstructure, improves elemental distribution uniformity, enhances wettability, and decreases the thickness of the interfacial IMC layer. At a Zn content of 7.91%, the Sn55Bi32Zn8In5 solder exhibits optimal comprehensive performance, with a low melting point of 122.03 °C, the formation of a dense Cu5Zn8-type IMC layer approximately 1.93 μm thick at the interface after reflow soldering, and a contact angle of only 28.9°. Aging experiments further reveal that solders with lower Zn content possess higher activation energy for IMC layer growth, indicating stronger resistance to atomic diffusion and improved aging stability. This solder composition offers a promising solution for low-temperature interconnects in 3D integrated circuits (3D ICs) and holds significant potential for engineering applications.

     

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