Physical characteristics and stable combustion mechanism of coupled tetra-tungsten TIG arc
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摘要:
借助高速摄像采集四钨极TIG电弧引燃放电、稳定燃烧过程中电弧的图像信号，并将特征参数进行定量化转变，分析钨极间距、电弧弧长、沉积电流对四TIG电弧耦合过程及其稳定性的影响，获得了四TIG电弧稳定燃烧作用机理及影响多电弧热效应的关键影响因素. 结果表明，一定范围内，单一钨极沉积电流≤160 A、电弧弧长≤5 mm、钨极间距≤6 mm时电弧稳定性较好，且与钨极间距的作用相比，电弧弧长、沉积电流对电弧形态的影响相对较小，钨极间距可以显著影响四钨极TIG电弧稳定性；当钨极间距为2 mm时，四钨极TIG电弧在自磁收缩和安培力的作用下相互吸引，四钨极TIG电弧形成公共导电通道，这种情况下，此时四钨极TIG电弧稳定性最好、电弧热源有效利用率最高，当钨极间距为8、10 mm时电弧稳定性和热源有效利用效率均显著降低，钨极间距为2 mm时，熔化能约为钨极间距为10 mm时熔化能的9.2倍.
Abstract:With the help of high-speed camera, the image signals of arc in the ignition discharge process and arc stable combustion process were observed, and the characteristic parameters of arc were quantitatively changed. The influence of the tungsten electrode spacing, arc length, and deposition current on the coupling process and stability of the four TIG electric arc were analyzed and compared, thus obtaining the stable combustion mechanism of the four TIG electric arc and the key factors affecting the multi-arc thermal effect. The results show that for a certain range, the stability of the single tungsten electrode electric arc is better when the deposition current is less than or equal to 160 A, the arc length is less than or equal to 5 mm, and the tungsten electrode spacing is less than or equal to 6 mm. Compared with the effect of tungsten electrode spacing, the influence of arc length and deposition current on the shape of the electric arc is relatively small. When the distance between tungsten electrodes was 2 mm, the tetra-tungsten arc attracted each other under the action of self-magnetic contraction and Lorentz force, the tetra-tungsten arc formed a common conductive channel, in this case, the stability of tetra-tungsten arc is the best, and the effective utilization rate of the heat source is the highest, which is nearly 9.2 times higher than that of the distance between tungsten electrodes is 10 mm, When the distance between tungsten electrodes was 8 mm and 10 mm, both the arc stability and the effective utilization of the heat source are significantly reduced. When the tungsten electrode spacing is 2 mm, the arc energy utilization rate is nearly 9.2 times that of the tungsten electrode spacing of 10 mm.
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图 3 四钨极TIG电弧图像特征采集示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of image feature acquisition of tetra-tungsten arc
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图 4 四钨极TIG电弧引燃过程(焊接电流I = 120 A，钨极间距d = 4 mm，弧长L = 5 mm)
Figure 4. Tetra-tungsten arc ignition process
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图 6 第一电弧到第二电弧引燃过程电弧等离子体面积
Figure 6. Arc plasma area during first arc to second arc ignition process
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图 8 不同钨极间距下四钨极TIG电弧形态(焊接电流I = 120 A，弧长L = 5 mm)
Figure 8. Tetra-tungsten arc shape with different distance between tungsten electrodes
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图 9 不同钨极间距下四钨极TIG电弧等离子体面积及方差
Figure 9. Plasma morphology with different Distance between tungsten electrodes. (a) arc plasma area; (b) variance of arc plasma area
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图 10 不同焊接电流下四钨极TIG电弧形态(钨极间距d = 4 mm，弧长L = 5 mm)
Figure 10. Tetra-tungsten arc morphology under different deposition currents
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图 11 不同沉积电流下四钨极TIG电弧等离子体面积及方差
Figure 11. Area and variance of tetra-tungsten arc plasma under different deposition currents. (a) arc plasma area; (b) arc plasma area variance
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图 12 不同电弧弧长对四钨极TIG电弧形态的影响(焊接电流I = 120 A，钨极间距d = 4 mm)
Figure 12. Tetra-tungsten arc shape under different arc lengths
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图 13 不同电弧弧长下电弧等离子体面积及方差
Figure 13. Plasma area and variance of tetra-tungsten arc under different Arc lengths. (a) arc plasma area; (b) arc plasma area variance
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图 14 不同钨极间距下四钨极TIG电弧形态及接头横截面
Figure 14. Cross-sectional area of four tungsten electrode heat source fusion joint for different tungsten electrode spacing). (a) 2 mm；(b) 4 mm；(c) 6 mm；(d) 8 mm；(e) 10 mm
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图 15 不同状态电弧等离子体电子迁移情况示意图
Figure 15. Electron migration of arc plasma in different states.(a) a single tungsten electrode; (b) d = 2 mm; (c) d = 6 mm; (d) d = 10 mm
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图 16 不同钨极间距下横截面熔化面积
Figure 16. Cross-sectional area of welded joint under different tungsten electrode spacing
表 1 304不锈钢与HS13/5焊丝成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of 304 stainless steel and HS13/5 welding wire
材料 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo 304不锈钢 0.040 0.43 1.17 0.0014 0.0280 18.05 8.08 0.054 HS13/5焊丝 0.016 0.46 0.54 0.0083 0.0019 12.30 4.51 0.480 
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