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奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG焊缝成形及接头力学性能

刘伟, 任泽良, 王刚, 修延飞, 李彦青, 豆存印, 贡丽妙

刘伟, 任泽良, 王刚, 修延飞, 李彦青, 豆存印, 贡丽妙. 奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG焊缝成形及接头力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(10): 105-114. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20240524001
引用本文: 刘伟, 任泽良, 王刚, 修延飞, 李彦青, 豆存印, 贡丽妙. 奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG焊缝成形及接头力学性能[J]. 焊接学报, 2024, 45(10): 105-114. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20240524001
LIU Wei, REN Zeliang, WANG Gang, XIU Yanfei, LI Yanqing, DOU Cunyin, GONG Limiao. A-TIG weld shaping and joint mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(10): 105-114. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20240524001
Citation: LIU Wei, REN Zeliang, WANG Gang, XIU Yanfei, LI Yanqing, DOU Cunyin, GONG Limiao. A-TIG weld shaping and joint mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel[J]. TRANSACTIONS OF THE CHINA WELDING INSTITUTION, 2024, 45(10): 105-114. DOI: 10.12073/j.hjxb.20240524001

奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG焊缝成形及接头力学性能

详细信息
    作者简介:

    刘伟,硕士,高级工程师;主要研究方向为金属材料焊接性;Email: liuwei@mail.snpemc.com

    通讯作者:

    任泽良,硕士,工程师;Email: 1691713013@qq.com.

  • 中图分类号: TG 444

A-TIG weld shaping and joint mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel

  • 摘要:

    采用自主研发的C5活性剂进行活性剂钨极惰性气体保护焊(activating flux tungsten inert gas,A-TIG)试验,研究活性剂对A-TIG焊缝成形、电弧光谱和电弧形貌的影响. 同时,利用扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)观察黑色残留物的形貌,并对A-TIG焊后的黑色残留物成分进行分析,确定黑色残留物形成的原因. 结果表明,活性剂有助于提高电弧温度和穿透力,促进电弧电离,改变表面张力梯度和熔池流动方向,从而增加焊接熔深. 与焊缝基体相比,O元素、Cr元素和Ti元素在残留物中的分布更为密集,其他元素弥散分布在残留物内部. 在观察焊缝的组织和性能时发现,焊缝中心都是以奥氏体和铁素体为主要组织的等轴晶,而在接头熔合区都呈现为柱状晶. 未去除残留物试样平均抗拉强度为675.36 MPa,与母材强度相比提高了2%. 焊缝和母材的硬度曲线交错,是否除去残留物对接头的硬度影响不大. 弯曲180°后两组试样表面无任何裂纹. 采用A-TIG工艺焊接的焊缝具有良好的延展性和韧性. 此外,未除去残留物试件焊缝表面存在凹陷现象,但焊缝宽度均匀,焊缝成形系数为1.97,采用该工艺可以获得较大范围的焊缝等轴晶和较为细小的焊缝组织,较钨极氩弧焊(tungsten inert gas,TIG)拥有更小的变形.

    Abstract:

    Activating flux tungsten inert gas (A-TIG) tests were conducted using a self-developed C5 active agent to study the effects of the active agent on the A-TIG weld formation, arc spectrum and arc morphology. At the same time, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the black residue, and the composition of the black residue after A-TIG welding was analyzed to determine the reasons for the formation of the black residue. The results showed that the active agent helped to increase the arc temperature and penetrative capacity, promote arc ionization, and change the surface tension gradient and the direction of melt pool flow, thus increasing the welding depth. Compared with the weld matrix, oxygen, chromium and titanium elements were more densely distributed in the residue, while other elements were diffusely distributed inside the residue. When observing the microstructure and properties of the welds, it was found that the weld centers were all equiaxial crystals with austenite and ferrite as the main tissues, while the fusion zones of the joints all showed columnar crystals. The average tensile strength of the specimen without residue removal was 675.36 MPa.Compared with the strength of the base metal, the strength was increased by 2%. The hardness curves of the weld and the base metal were staggered, and whether or not the residue was removed had little effect on the hardness of the joint. There was no crack on the surface of the two groups of specimens after bending 180°. The welds welded by A-TIG had good ductility and toughness. In addition, the weld surface of the specimen without residue removal had a concave phenomenon, but the weld width was uniform, and the weld shaping coefficient was 1.97, which could obtain a wide range of weld equiaxial crystals and relatively fine weld microstructure, and had smaller deformation than that of tungsten inert gas (TIG).

  • 图  1   1Cr18Ni9 Ti奥氏体不锈钢母材的显微组织

    Figure  1.   Microstructure of 1Cr18Ni9 Ti austenitic stainless steel parent material

    图  2   A-TIG焊接及调配过程示意图

    Figure  2.   Schematic diagram of A-TIG welding and blending process

    图  3   焊接接头表面形貌

    Figure  3.   Surface morphology of welded joints. (a) residues not removed; (b) residue removed; (c) not coated with active agent

    图  4   焊接接头横截面形貌(mm)

    Figure  4.   Cross-sectional morphology of welded joints.(a) residues not removed;(b) residue removed;(c) not coated with active agent;(d) C5 active agent

    图  5   电弧形貌

    Figure  5.   Arc morphology. (a) TIG;(b) A-TIG

    图  6   400至600 nm波段光谱频域分布

    Figure  6.   Spectral frequency domain distribution in the 400 to 600 nm band. (a) TIG;(b) A-TIG

    图  7   1Cr18Ni9 Ti奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG焊缝中心组织

    Figure  7.   A-TIG weld center microstructure of 1Cr18Ni9 Ti austenitic stainless steel. (a) residue removed;(b) residues not removed

    图  8   涂覆活性剂前后接头SEM和EDS分析

    Figure  8.   SEM and EDS analysis of joints before and after coating with active agents. (a) TIG joint SEM; (b) A-TIG joint SEM; (c) TIG joint EDS analysis;(d) A-TIG joints EDS analysis

    图  9   1Cr18Ni9 Ti奥氏体不锈钢A-TIG组织

    Figure  9.   A-TIG microstructure of 1Cr18Ni9 Ti austenitic stainless steel. (a) residue removed;(b) residues not removed

    图  10   黑色物质形貌

    Figure  10.   Black substance morphology. (a) A-TIG joint SEM;(b) first point;(c) second point

    图  11   金属间化合物区域EDS分析

    Figure  11.   EDS analysis of the intermetallic compounds region

    图  12   金属间化合物中各元素分布

    Figure  12.   Distribution of elements in intermetallic compounds

    图  13   室温条件下焊接接头的抗拉强度

    Figure  13.   Room temperature tensile strength of welded joints

    图  14   焊接接头硬度对比

    Figure  14.   Comparison of hardness of welded joints. (a) the first layer;(b) the second layer

    图  15   弯曲后的试样样貌

    Figure  15.   Specimen appearance after bending

    表  1   1Cr18Ni9 Ti奥氏体不锈钢TIG参数

    Table  1   TIG parameters of 1Cr18Ni9 Ti austenitic stainless steel

    组别 焊接层数 钨极直径
    D/mm
    保护气体流量
    Q/(L·min−1)
    焊接电流
    I/A
    电弧电压
    U/V
    焊接速度
    v/(mm·min−1)
    1 2 3.2 15 180 14 80
    2 2 3.2 15 180 14 80
    3 1 3.2 15 180 14 80
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   1Cr18Ni9 Ti奥氏体不锈钢的化学成分(质量分数,%)

    Table  2   Chemical composition of 1Cr18Ni9 Ti austenitic stainless steel

    CSiMnSPCrNiTiFe
    ≤0.12≤1.00≤2.00≤0.030≤0.03517.00 ~ 19.008.00 ~ 11.000.80余量
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   涂覆活性剂前后接头的元素含量

    Table  3   Elemental content of joints before and after coating with active agent

    元素 元素含量(质量分数,%)
    涂覆活性剂前 涂覆活性剂后
    B K 5.34
    C K 4.76 5.56
    Si K 0.58 0.63
    O K 1.21
    Ti K 0.20
    Cr K 17.12 17.26
    Mn K 1.28 1.44
    Fe K 68.08 60.07
    Ni K 8.18 8.29
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   未除去残留物焊缝中金属间化合物元素含量

    Table  4   Elemental content of intermetallic compounds in welds with residues not removal

    元素质量分数w(%)原子分数a(%)
    O K23.7551.81
    Cr K21.1314.18
    Fe K40.8225.51
    Ni K14.308.50
    下载: 导出CSV
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    其他类型引用(3)

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  • 收稿日期:  2024-05-23
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-08-11
  • 刊出日期:  2024-10-24

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