Analysis of in-situ heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties by quadruple-electrode gas tungsten arc additive manufacturing of 00Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel
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摘要:
为解决电弧增材制造存在的力学性能各向异性问题，提出一种四钨极热源增材制造技术，利用四钨极超高热输入特点对基于00Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢的沉积件进行原位热处理，以期实现柱状晶向等轴晶转变过程. 研究了沉积件不同位置的微观组织特征，并通过拉伸试验与冲击试验重点考察了沉积件不同方向、不同位置的力学性能. 结果表明，通过原位热处理可以使沉积件微观组织由柱状晶向等轴晶转变，晶粒平均长度由44.28 μm降低至4.86 μm，从而显著改善沉积件力学性能的各向异性；沉积件微观组织由回火索氏体、回火马氏体、逆变奥氏体及碳化物组成；沉积件的平均硬度为(279.4±10) HV10、室温屈服强度为(903.7±11) MPa、在0 ℃冲击吸收能量为(207.6±10) J. 综上所述，沉积件微观组织与力学性能各向异性程度较小，该技术为改善电弧增材制造微观组织与力学性能各向异性提供了一种可行性方案.
Abstract:To solve the problem of anisotropy in mechanical properties of arc additive manufacturing, a four-tungsten-electrode heat source additive manufacturing is proposed. Utilize the ultra-high heat input characteristic of quadruple-electrode gas tungsten arc to conduct in-situ heat treatment on the deposited parts based 00Cr13Ni5Mo stainless steel, in order to achieve the transformation from columnar grains to equiaxed grains.The microstructure characteristics of different positions of the deposited parts are studied, and mechanical properties of the deposited parts in different directions and positions are investigated emphatically through tensile and impact tests. The results show that in-situ heat treatment can transform the microstructure of the deposited parts from columnar grains to equiaxed grains, with the average grain size reducing from 44.28 μm to 4.86 μm, significantly improving the anisotropy of the mechanical properties. The microstructure of the deposited parts consists of tempered sorbite, tempered martensite, inverted austenite, and carbide. The average hardness of the deposited parts is (279.4±10) HV10, the yield strength at room temperature is (903.7±11) MPa, and the impact energy at 0 ℃ is (207.6±10) J. In conclusion, the anisotropy of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the deposited parts is minimal. This technology offers a viable solution for improving the anisotropy of the microstructure and mechanical properties in wire arc additive manufacturing.
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图 1 增材制造设备示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the additive manufacturing devices. (a) additive manufacturing devices; (b) cross section of the quadruple-electrode gas tungsten torch
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图 4 增材制件不同位置微观组织
Figure 4. Microstructure of additive manufacturing sample at different positions
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图 5 沉积件不同位置的EBSD分析
Figure 5. EBSD analyses of the additive manufacturing samples at different positions. (a) inverse pole figure of the 40th and 39th; (b) inverse pole figure of the 20th and 19th; (c) grain boundary figure of the 40th and 39th; (d) grain boundary figure of the 20th and 19th; (e) pole figure of the 40th and 39th; (f) pole figure of the 20th and 19th
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图 9 不同方向与不同位置的拉伸断口SEM图像
Figure 9. SEM figure of fracture surfaces at different directions and different positions. (a) fracture surface of x-direction; (b) fracture surface of y-direction; (c) fracture surface of z-direction; (d) fracture surface of top; (e) fracture surface of middle; (f) fracture surface of bottom
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图 10 拉伸断口夹杂物的EDS元素组成
Figure 10. Elemental compositions of fracture surfaces by EDS. (a) test point location; (b) results of element analysis inclusion
表 1 304不锈钢与HS13/5L焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chimecal compositions of 304 stainless steel and HS13/5L welding wire
材料 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni Mo Fe 304不锈钢 0.0400 0.4300 1.1700 0.001 4 0.028 0 18.0500 8.0800 0.0540 余量 HS13/5L焊丝 0.0160 0.4600 0.5400 0.008 3 0.001 9 12.3000 4.5100 0.4800 余量 
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表 2 增材制造工艺参数
Table 2 Process parameters of additive manufacturing
焊接电流I/A 送丝速度vs/(m·min−1) 焊接速度v/(mm·min−1) 电弧电压U/V 气流量Q/(L·min−1) 150 × 4 3 ~ 5 200 ~ 400 14.5 15
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