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随焊超声旋压对7075铝合金焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

Effect of ultrasonic spinning with welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy welded joints

  • 摘要: 随焊超声旋压法是一种机械力场和超声能场相结合,随焊控制薄壁件焊接变形的新方法. 其核心在于,焊接过程中,在熔池后方的特定塑形恢复温度区间施加超声旋压,一方面使得试件发生高频超声振动,另一方面通过聚能器的高速旋转使高温金属产生塑性变形. 通过超声振动和旋转挤压的复合作用,延展凝固金属的收缩变形,细化晶粒尺寸,达到控制焊接变形,改善焊接接头微观组织,提升力学性能的作用. 设计搭建随焊超声旋压焊接平台,开展7075铝合金的相关焊接实验,获得变形控制效果与焊枪-聚能器间距关系,对焊接接头进行显微组织和力学性能分析. 背向散射电子衍射技术(electron back scatter diffraction,EBSD)结果表明采用本方法的7075铝合金焊缝区晶粒明显得到细化,平均晶粒尺寸由60 μm减小至46.8 μm,柱状晶数目减少,等轴晶数目增加. 采用本方法获得的焊接接头硬度和抗拉强度均得到提升,焊缝区平均硬度由109.7 HV提高到128 HV,抗拉强度由294.71 MP提高到324.64 MPa.

     

    Abstract: The ultrasonic spinning with welding method is a new method to control the deformation of welding in thin-plate, which combines mechanical force field and ultrasonic energy field. The key of this method is to apply ultrasonic rotational extrusion in a specific temperature range of plastic recovery which behind the molten pool during welding. This method causes high-frequency ultrasonic vibration of the test piece, and through the high-speed rotation of the concentrator, the high-temperature metal undergoing a plastic deformation. With the combined effects of ultrasonic vibration and spinning, the contraction of the solidified metal is decreased, the grain size is refined, and the welding deformation is controlled with the improvement in welding joint, so the mechanical properties are enhanced. This study designed and built an ultrasonic welding platform for spinning welding, and conducted welding tests in 7075 aluminum alloy, which obtained the relationship between deformation control effect and the distance from welding gun and the concentrator. Then we analyzed the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint. The EBSD showed that the grain size in the weld zone of the 7075 aluminum alloy using this method was significantly refined that the average grain size reduced from 60 μm to 46.8 μm, and the number of columnar crystals decreased, but the number of equiaxed crystals increased. The hardness and tensile strength of the welded joint obtained using this method were both improved, with the average hardness of the weld zone increasing from 109.7 HV to 128 HV, and the tensile strength increasing from 294.71 MPa to 324.64 MPa.

     

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