随焊超声旋压对7075铝合金焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

季星红; 梁召峰; 张格睿; 路浩; 张亮; 袁勃

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20231212004

随焊超声旋压对7075铝合金焊接接头微观组织与力学性能的影响

季星红^1,,
梁召峰²,
张格睿³,
路浩¹,
张亮^2, ,,
袁勃²

1.
西安石油大学, 材料科学与工程学院, 西安, 710065
2.
深圳职业技术大学, 智能制造研究院, 深圳, 518055
3.
厦门理工学院, 国际教育学院, 厦门, 361024

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(12374450)；广东省教育厅普通高校重点领域专项(2023ZDZX3079)；深圳职业技术大学校企联合研发中心项目(602331004PQ)

详细信息

作者简介:
季星红，硕士，主要从事高强铝合金焊接工艺，焊接结构变形控制研究；Email: jixinghong0422@16-3.com

通讯作者:
张亮，博士，副研究员；Email: zhangliang@szp-u.edu.cn.

中图分类号: TG 404
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-11
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-02
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-24

Effect of ultrasonic spinning with welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy welded joints

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, China
2.
Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
3.
School of International Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024,China

摘要

摘要:
随焊超声旋压法是一种机械力场和超声能场相结合，随焊控制薄壁件焊接变形的新方法焊接过程中，在熔池后方的特定塑形恢复温度区间施加超声旋压，一方面试件发生高频超声振动，另一方面通过聚能器的高速旋转使高温金属产生塑性变形. 通过超声振动和旋转挤压的复合作用，延展凝固金属的收缩变形，细化晶粒尺寸，达到控制焊接变形，改善焊接接头微观组织，提升力学性能的作用. 设计搭建随焊超声旋压焊接平台，开展7075铝合金的相关焊接试验，获得变形控制效果与焊枪—聚能器间距关系，对焊接接头进行显微组织和力学性能分析. 电子背散色衍射技术(electron back scatter diffraction，EBSD)结果表明，7075铝合金焊缝区晶粒明显得到细化，平均晶粒尺寸由60减小至46.8 μm，柱状晶数目减少，等轴晶数目增加，焊接接头硬度和抗拉强度均得到提升，焊缝区平均硬度由109.7提高到128 HV，抗拉强度由294.71提高到324.64 MPa.
- 随焊超声旋压 /
- 7075铝合金 /
- 显微组织 /
- 力学性能
Abstract:
The ultrasonic spinning with welding method is a novel approach combining mechanical force field and ultrasonic energy field to control welding deformation of thin-walled components during welding. Its core lies in applying ultrasonic spinning within the specific plastic recovery temperature range behind the molten pool during the welding process, which generates high-frequency ultrasonic vibration in the workpiece while inducing plastic deformation of high-temperature metal through high-speed rotation of the concentrator. Through the combined action of ultrasonic vibration and rotational compression, this method extends the shrinkage deformation of solidified metal, refines grain size, achieving control of welding deformation, improvement of welded joint microstructure, and enhancement of mechanical properties. An ultrasonic spinning with welding platform was designed and constructed, and relevant welding experiments were conducted on 7075 aluminum alloy. The relationship between deformation control effectiveness and torch-concentrator distance was obtained, while microstructural and mechanical property analyses were performed on the welded joints. Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) results demonstrate that the weld zone of 7075 aluminum alloy processed by this method exhibits significant grain refinement, with average grain size decreasing from 60 μm to 46.8 μm, accompanied by reduced columnar crystal quantity and increased equiaxed crystal quantity. The welded joints obtained through this method show improved hardness and tensile strength, with average weld zone hardness increasing from 109.7 HV to 128 HV, and tensile strength rising from 294.71 MPa to 324.64 MPa.
- ultrasonic spinning with welding /
- 7075 aluminum alloy /
- microstructure /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 随焊超声旋压试验装置

Figure 1. Ultrasonic spinning experimental device with welding

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图 2 聚能器焊枪间距与焊接变形控制关系

Figure 2. Influence of the distance between the concentrator and the welding gun on the control of welding deformation

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图 3 焊接接头横截面对比

Figure 3. Comparison of cross-sections of welded joints.

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图 4 焊缝区晶粒IPF着色图、极图

Figure 4. Grain IPF and pole figure in the weld seam area. (a) grain orientation map of GTAW; (b) grain orientation map of RE-GTAW; (c) grain orientation map of U-RE-GTAW; (d) pole figure of GTAW; (e) pole figure of RE-GTAW; (f) pole figure of U-RE-GTAW

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图 5 焊缝中心晶粒特征统计

Figure 5. Statistical analysis of grain characteristics at the center of the weld bead

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图 6 晶粒细化机制示意图

Figure 6. Schematic diagram of grain refinement mechanisms. (a) grain refinement mechanism of molten metal by welding with trailing ultrasonic rotating extrusion; (b) grain refinement mechanism of high-temperature weld metal by welding with trailing ultrasonic rotating extrusion

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图 7 不同焊接工艺下焊接接头显微硬度(mm)

Figure 7. Welding joint microhardness under different welding processes

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图 8 不同焊接工艺下焊接接头抗拉强度(mm)

Figure 8. Tensile strength of the welded joint under different welding processes

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表 1 7075铝合金和ER5356焊丝化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 7075 aluminium and ER5356 welding wire

材料	Si	Fe	Cu	Mn	Mg	Cr	Zn	Ti	Al
7075-T6	≤0.40	≤0.50	1.50	≤0.30	2.60	0.21	5.60	≤0.20	余量
ER5356	0.25	0.40	0.10	0.10	5.00	0.10	0.10	0.15	余量

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表 2 7075铝合金和ER5356焊丝力学性能

Table 2 Mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy and ER5356 welding wire

材料	抗拉强度 R_m/MPa	屈服强度 R_el/MPa	断后伸长率 A(%)
7075-T6	≥540	≥470	≥7
ER5356	≥250	≥120	≥10

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表 3 焊接工艺参数

Table 3 Welding experiment parameters

焊接电流 I/A	焊接速度 v/(mm·min⁻¹)	送丝速度 v_s/(cm·min⁻¹)	气体流量 q/(L·min⁻¹)	聚能器直径 ϕ/mm	聚能器旋转速度 v_f/(r·min⁻¹)	超声振幅 AB/μm
80	120	50	17	10	3 000	6

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施引文献(10)

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