Effect of Zr content in in-situ synthesized brazing alloy on the microstructure and properties of brazed joints
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摘要:
由于钛基钎料钎焊钛合金接头具有强度高、耐蚀性好和耐热性好等优点，因此在重载荷、强腐蚀等极端服役环境下的钛合金构件常用钛基钎料进行钎焊连接.文中针对钛合金钎焊出现的基体组织性能恶化和焊缝脆化等问题展开研究，设计了以Zr、Cu、Ni纯金属箔构成原位合成钎料的纯钛TA2真空钎焊机理和工艺研究，发现原位合成钎料钎焊接头的典型界面组织为母材/扩散层(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) + α-Ti共析组织/钎缝中心(共晶)化合物层/扩散层(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) + α-Ti共析组织/母材，自钎缝中心化合物层至两侧母材的显微硬度逐渐降低.结果表明，随着钎料Zr含量提高，扩散层厚度和钎缝总宽度先减小后增大，钎缝中心化合物层厚度先增大后减小，Zr26CuNi钎料的钎缝中心化合物层厚度最小，约为10 μm；随着钎料Zr含量提高，钎焊接头的剪切强度先减小后增大，Zr26CuNi钎料的钎焊接头剪切强度最大，平均值为207 MPa，接头断裂以脆性断裂为主，因此，Zr26CuNi钎料的钎焊接头性能较为优异，实现了原位合成钎料的成分优化.
Abstract:The brazed joints obtained by welding titanium alloys with titanium-based brazing filler metal have the advantages of high strength, good corrosion resistance and good heat resistance. Therefore, titanium alloy components which brazed with titanium-based brazing alloys are commonly used in extreme service environments such as heavy loads and strong corrosion. In this paper, the deterioration of matrix microstructure and properties, the embrittlement of welding in titanium alloy brazing are studied. The vacuum brazing mechanism and process of pure titanium TA2 with Zr, Cu and Ni pure metal foils as in-situ synthesized brazing filler metal were designed. It was found that the typical interface structure of the brazed joint obtained by in-situ synthesis brazing alloy was base metal/diffusion layer (Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni) + α-Ti eutectoid structure / brazing seam center (eutectic) compound layer / diffusion layer (Ti, Zr)2(Cu, Ni) + α-Ti eutectoid structure / base metal. The microhardness gradually decreases from the compound layer in the center of the brazing seam to the base metal on both sides. The results show that with the increase of Zr content, the thickness of diffusion layer and the total width of brazing seam decrease first and then increase. The thickness of the compound layer in the center of the brazing seam increases first and then decreases. The thickness of the compound layer in the center of the brazing seam of Zr26CuNi brazing filler metal is the smallest, about 10 μm. The shear strength of the brazed joint decreases first and then increases with the increase of Zr content in the filler metal. Among them, the shear strength of Zr26CuNi brazing joint is the largest, with an average value of 207 MPa. The fracture of the joint is mainly brittle fracture. Therefore, the brazing joint performance of Zr26CuNi brazing alloy is excellent, and the composition optimization of in-situ synthesized brazing alloy is realized.
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图 1 钎焊接头装配示意图(mm)
Figure 1. Assembly schematic diagram of brazed joints. (a) shear test specimen joint; (b) tensile test specimen joint
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图 2 钎焊接头拉伸试样
Figure 2. Brazed joint tensile test specimen. (a) sampling dimensions; (b) tensile test specimen
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图 3 剪切试验工装及试样取样示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of shear test fixture and specimen sampling. (a) shear test fixture; (b) sampling dimensions
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图 4 3种含Zr钎料钎焊接头的显微组织及接头组织放大
Figure 4. Microstructure and magnified micrographs of three brazed joints using Zr-containing brazing filler metals. (a) Zr26CuNi brazing filler metal; (b) Zr42CuNi brazing filler metal; (c) Zr52CuNi brazing filler metal
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图 5 钎焊接头界面反应产物形成和演变示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of formation and evolution of interfacial reaction products in brazed joints. (a) brazing heating process; (b) melting of the brazing filler metal and formation of the liquid phase; (c) cooling process of a brazed joint using Zr26CuNi brazing filler metal; (d) cooling process of a brazed joint using Zr52CuNi brazing filler metal; (e) phase diagram of Ti(Zr)-Cu(Ni)
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图 7 钎料Zr含量对钎焊接头剪切强度的影响
Figure 7. Influence of Zr content in the brazing filler metal on the shear strength of brazed joints
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图 8 不同含Zr钎料钎焊接头断裂路径横截面图
Figure 8. Cross-sectional images of the fracture path of brazed joints using different Zr-containing brazing filler metals. (a) Zr26CuNi; (b) Zr42CuNi; (c) Zr52CuNi
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图 9 不同Zr含量对钎焊接头剪切断口形貌的影响
Figure 9. Effect of different Zr content on the shear fracture morphology of brazed joints. (a) Zr26CuNi of cleavage position; (b) Zr26CuNi of ligamentous fossa position; (c) Zr42CuNi; (d) Zr52CuNi
表 1 TA2的主要化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 1 Chemical compositions of TA2
Fe C N H O 其他 Ti 0.051 0.009 0.010 0.001 0.083 ＜0.10 余量 
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表 2 原位合成ZrCuNi钎料的规格与名义成分
Table 2 Specification and nominal compositions of in-situ synthesized ZrCuNi brazing alloy
钎料 金属箔厚度l/μm 原位合成钎料成分w(质量分数, %) Zr Cu Ni Zr Cu Ni Zr26CuNi 10 10 10 26 37 37 Zr42CuNi 20 10 10 42 29 29 Zr52CuNi 30 10 10 52 24 24
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表 3 含Zr钎料钎焊TA2接头中各微区的化学成分(质量分数，%)
Table 3 Chemical compositions of microregions in brazed joints of TA2 using Zr-containing brazing filler metal
钎料成分 微区 Ti Zr Cu Ni 可能的相 Zr26CuNi A 100.00 — — — α-Ti B 64.63 4.80 19.70 10.87 (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) C 87.74 4.28 3.09 4.89 共析反应产物 Zr42CuNi A1 48.61 22.09 16.05 13.25 (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) B1 90.07 6.81 1.64 1.48 共析反应产物 C1 83.91 8.77 3.77 3.55 共析反应产物 D1 96.04 3.96 — — α-Ti Zr52CuNi A2 95.41 4.59 — — α -Ti B2 63.83 5.63 22.82 7.72 (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) C2 49.56 19.34 14.97 16.13 (Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) D2 84.96 7.77 6.59 3.68 共析反应产物 E2 98.98 1.02 — — α-Ti
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