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动力电池用铝/铜异种金属红外-蓝激光复合焊接试验

Experimental on laser welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals with infrared-blue hybrid laser welding for power battery

  • 摘要: 针对铝/铜搭接焊接的技术难点,提出了一种红外-蓝激光复合焊接新工艺. 对厚度为1 mm的5052铝合金和T2紫铜搭接接头进行焊接试验,研究了不同蓝激光功率对接头焊缝成形、显微组织以和力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,在0 ~ 500 W的蓝激光功率范围内,红外-蓝激光复合焊可以有效减缓下方铜板的铜元素向上方铝板的对流扩散,而进一步增大蓝激光功率则会导致激光总功率增加,发生过焊现象,进而生成更多脆性Al-Cu金属间化合物(intermetallic compounds,IMC). 在接头界面层,沿着铜侧到铝侧方向依次生成ϒ2-Al4Cu9相、AlCu相、θ-Al2Cu相、α-Al + Al2Cu共晶组织和Al/Cu共晶组织,其中,Al2Cu相是接头界面层中的主要IMC相. 当红外激光功率为1050 W,蓝激光功率为300 W时,接头抗剪切力达到最大值795.51 N,断裂发生在铝侧热影响区(heat affected zone,HAZ)处,呈韧性断裂模式.

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the technical difficulties of laser overlap welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals, a new infrared-blue hybrid laser welding process was proposed. Laser welding of the overlap joints of 5052 aluminum alloy and T2 purple copper with thickness of 1 mm was carried out. The effects of different blue laser powers on the weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The results showed that the convection diffusion of copper elements from the lower copper plate to the upper aluminum plate can be weakened by using infrared-blue laser hybrid welding process with a blue laser power in the range of 0 ~ 500W. With the increase of blue laser power, the mixing degree of molten copper and aluminum was increased, resulting in more brittle Al-Cu intermetallic compounds (IMC) phases. Generates the following phases in the order from the copper side to the aluminum side, ϒ2-Al4Cu9, AlCu, θ-Al2Cu, α-Al + Al2Cu eutectic structure and Al/Cu eutectic structure. Among these, Al2Cu was the primary IMC phase at the interface layer of the joints. When the infrared laser power was 1050 W and the blue laser power is 300 W, the shear resistance of the joint reached up to 795.51 N. The joint was broken at the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the upper aluminum plate with a ductile fracture mode.

     

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