动力电池用铝/铜异种金属红外—蓝激光复合焊接试验

张宇轩; 张明军; 李河清; 张健; 程波; 毛聪; 成双银

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20231027001

动力电池用铝/铜异种金属红外—蓝激光复合焊接试验

张宇轩^{1, 2,},
张明军^{1, 2, 3, ,},
李河清^{1, 2},
张健^{1, 2},
程波^{1, 2},
毛聪^{1, 2},
成双银³

1.
长沙理工大学, 汽车与机械工程学院, 长沙, 410114
2.
长沙理工大学, 机械装备高性能智能制造关键技术湖南省重点实验室, 长沙, 410114
3.
长沙牛米驱动科技有限公司, 长沙, 410221

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875050)；湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(22A0600)；长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2202197，kq2208226)

详细信息

作者简介:
张宇轩，硕士研究生；主要研究方向为异种材料焊接；Email：zhangyuxuan@stu.csust.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张明军，博士，教授；Email：mj_zhang@csust.edu.cn.

中图分类号: TG 456.7
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-12-29
- 刊出日期: 2025-01-24

Experiment welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals with infrared-blue hybrid laser welding for power battery

ZHANG Yuxuan^{1, 2,},
ZHANG Mingjun^{1, 2, 3, ,},
LI Heqing^{1, 2},
ZHANG Jian^{1, 2},
CHENG Bo^{1, 2},
MAO Cong^{1, 2},
CHENG Shuangyin³

1.
College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
2.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Key Technologies for High-performance Intelligent Manufacturing of Mechanical Equipment Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, 410114, China
3.
Changsha Niumi Drive Technology Co., Ltd. Changsha, 410221, China

摘要

摘要:
针对铝/铜搭接焊接的技术难点，提出了一种红外—蓝激光复合焊接新工艺. 对厚度为1 mm的5052铝合金和T2紫铜搭接接头进行焊接试验，研究了不同蓝激光功率对接头焊缝成形、显微组织以和力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明，在0 ~ 500 W的蓝激光功率范围内，红外—蓝激光复合焊可以有效减缓下方铜板的铜元素向上方铝板的对流扩散，而进一步增大蓝激光功率则会导致激光总功率增加，发生过焊现象，进而生成更多脆性Al-Cu金属间化合物(intermetallic compound，IMC). 在接头界面层，沿着铜侧到铝侧方向依次生成ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉相、AlCu相、θ-Al₂Cu相、α-Al + Al₂Cu共晶组织和Al/Cu共晶组织，其中，Al₂Cu相是接头界面层中的主要IMC相. 当红外激光功率为1050 W，蓝激光功率为300 W时，接头抗剪切力达到最大值795.51 N，断裂发生在铝侧热影响区(heat affected zone，HAZ)处，呈韧性断裂模式.
- 激光焊接 /
- 铝/铜异种金属 /
- 红外—蓝激光复合焊 /
- 金属间化合物 /
- 力学性能
Abstract:
Aiming at the technical difficulties of laser overlap welding of Al/Cu dissimilar metals, a new infrared-blue hybrid laser welding process was proposed. Laser welding of the overlap joints of 5052 aluminum alloy and T2 copper with thickness of 1 mm was carried out. The effects of different blue laser powers on the weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated. The results showed that the convection diffusion of copper elements from the lower copper plate to the upper aluminum plate could be weakened by using infrared-blue laser hybrid welding process with a blue laser power in the range of 0 ~ 500 W. With the increase of blue laser power, the mixing degree of molten copper and aluminum was increased, resulting in more brittle Al-Cu intermetallic compound (IMC) phases. Generates the following phases in the order from the copper side to the aluminum side, ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉, AlCu, θ-Al₂Cu, α-Al + Al₂Cu eutectic structure and Al/Cu eutectic structure. Among these, Al₂Cu was the primary IMC phase at the interface layer of the joints. When the infrared laser power was 1050 W and the blue laser power was 300 W, the shear resistance of the joint reached up to 795.51 N. The joint was broken at the heat affected zone (HAZ) of the upper aluminum plate with a ductile fracture mode.
- laser welding /
- Al/Cu dissimilar metal /
- infrared-blue hybrid laser welding /
- intermetallic compound /
- mechanical properties

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图 1 试验装置示意图

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the experimental setup

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图 2 拉伸试样示意图(mm)

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of tensile specimen

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图 3 焊缝表面形貌和横截面形貌

Figure 3. Morphologies of weld surface appearances and cross-section. (a) 0 W; (b) 300 W; (c) 500 W; (d) 800 W

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图 4 焊缝中铝和铜熔化的面积

Figure 4. Areas of fused aluminum and copper in the weld seam

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图 5 不同蓝激光功率下的接头界面显微组织

Figure 5. Microstructures for the joints interface under different blue laser powers. (a) 0 W; (b) 300 W; (c) 500 W; (d) 800 W

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图 6 铝/铜激光焊接头的XRD

Figure 6. XRD of Al/Cu dissimilar joints

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图 7 接头纵向硬度分布

Figure 7. Hardness distribution of joints

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图 8 接头的载荷-位移曲线

Figure 8. Load-displacement curves of welded joint

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图 9 接头断裂位置

Figure 9. Locations of of joints fracture. (a) 0 W; (b) 300 W; (c) 500 W; (d) 800 W

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图 10 接头断口形貌

Figure 10. Morphologies of joints fracture. (a) 0 W; (b) 300 W; (c) 500 W; (d) 800 W

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表 1 5052铝合金和T2紫铜化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 5052 aluminum and T2 copper

Si	Fe	Bi	Mn	Mg	Ni	Cr	Zn	Cu	Al
0.2500	0.4300	0.0009	0.1300	2.5100	0.0013	0.2100	0.1100	0.12	余量
0.0043	0.0032	0.0008	0.0016	0.0019	0.0028	0.0036	0.0054	余量	0.0094

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表 2 激光焊接工艺参数

Table 2 Parameters for laser welding

红外激光功率 P_R/W	蓝激光功率 P_B/W	焊接速度 v/(m·min⁻¹)	离焦量 D_f /mm
1050	0	3.6	−1
1050	300	3.6	−1
1050	500	3.6	−1
1050	800	3.6	−1

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表 3 图5中标记区域的EDS分析结果

Table 3 EDS analysis results of the marked region in Fig.5

测量点	元素含量(原子分数, %)		物相
测量点	Al	Cu	物相
1	95.65	4.35	Al/Cu共晶组织
2	82.34	17.66	α-Al + Al₂Cu
3	69.01	30.99	θ-Al₂Cu
4	34.43	65.57	ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉
5	6.70	93.30	Cu
6	90.14	9.86	Al/Cu共晶组织
7	82.59	17.41	α-Al + Al₂Cu
8	65.27	34.73	θ-Al₂Cu
9	54.78	45.21	AlCu
10	20.69	79.30	ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉
11	15.26	84.73	Cu
12	94.56	5.44	Al/Cu共晶组织
13	82.28	17.20	α-Al + Al₂Cu
14	76.51	23.49	α-Al + Al₂Cu
15	59.39	40.61	θ-Al₂Cu
16	33.97	66.03	ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉
17	5.30	94.70	Cu
18	73.00	27.00	α-Al + Al₂Cu
19	58.67	41.33	θ-Al₂Cu
20	29.78	70.22	ϒ₂-Al₄Cu₉
21	20.40	79.60	Cu

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施引文献(3)

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