AH36钢焊接接头动态应力应变特性分析

刘伟; 朱永梅; 孙傲

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20230712001

AH36钢焊接接头动态应力应变特性分析

江苏科技大学, 机械工程学院, 镇江, 212008

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52271277); 江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20211343); 海洋工程国家重点实验室(上海交通大学)(GKZD010081); 江苏省研究生实践创新计划(SJCX_2150)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘伟，硕士；主要研究方向为焊接残余应力特性研究；Email: liu9798x@163.com

通讯作者:
朱永梅，硕士，教授；Email: zymtt@163.com.

中图分类号: TG 404
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-23
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-24

Analysis of dynamic stress-strain characteristics of AH36 steel welded joint

School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212008, China

摘要

摘要:
基于热弹塑性法研究了160°对接AH36钢焊接接头动态应力应变过程，同时制作试样，利用三维全场应变测量分析系统记录焊接应变的动态变化，验证了焊接有限元结果的准确性. 分析了预热温度和焊接速度对动态应力应变的影响. 研究结果表明，随着预热温度的增加，焊接变形逐渐减小. 预热温度为200 ℃时的平均焊接变形量比未预热时的平均焊接变形量降低了34.6%，同时改善了焊接应力场的分布情况，增加焊缝及热影响区的压应力分布区域，但应力幅值对预热温度的改变不敏感. 焊接变形随焊接速度增大而增大，当焊接速度大于5 mm/s时，增长趋势逐渐平缓，焊接变形场等势分布面积减小. 随着焊接速度的增加，焊接压应力场分布区域减小，焊接拉应力场分布区域增大，焊接速度的改变还会造成平板厚度方向中间层厚度处的应力出现波动.
- 焊接接头 /
- 动态应力应变 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 预热温度 /
- 焊接速度
Abstract:
Based on the thermal elastic-plastic method, the dynamic stress-strain deformation process of AH36 steel welded joint with 160° butt joint was studied. At the same time, the sample was made, and the dynamic change of welding strain was recorded by three-dimensional full-field strain measurement and analysis system, which verified the accuracy of welding finite element results. The effects of preheating temperature and welding velocity on dynamic stress and strain were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of preheating temperature, the welding deformation decreases gradually. When the preheating temperature is 200 ℃, the average welding deformation is reduced by 34.6% compared with the average welding deformation without preheating. At the same time, the distribution of welding stress field is improved, and the compressive stress distribution area of weld and heat affected zone is increased, but the stress amplitude is not sensitive to the change of preheating temperature. The welding deformation increases with the increase of welding velocity. When the welding velocity is greater than 5 mm/s, the growth trend gradually slows down, and the equipotential distribution area of the welding deformation field decreases. With the increase of welding velocity, the distribution area of welding compressive stress field decreases, and the distribution area of welding tensile stress field increases. The change of welding velocity will also cause the stress of middle layer thickness to fluctuate.
- welding joint /
- dynamic stress and distortion /
- numerical simulation /
- preheating temperature /
- welding velocity

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图 1 焊接试样(mm)

Figure 1. Welding specimen. (a) size of welding specimen; (b) specimen marking

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图 2 有限元模型和边界条件(mm)

Figure 2. Finite element model and constraint conditions

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图 3 焊缝横截面温度循环曲线

Figure 3. Temperature cycling curve of weld cross-section

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图 4 熔合线对比

Figure 4. Fusion line comparison. (a) test fusion line; (b) FE fusion line

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图 5 DIC与有限元结果对比

Figure 5. Comparison of contour of displacement field between DIC and FE

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图 6 厚度方向位移曲线

Figure 6. Displacement curves in thickness direction. (a) displacement curves; (b) fluctuation curves

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图 7 有限元测量点

Figure 7. Finite element measured points

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图 8 不同预热温度下的位移曲线和云图

Figure 8. Displacement curve and contour in different preheat temperatures. (a) Displacement curve; (b) Contour of displacement field

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图 9 不同预热温度下的应力曲线和云图

Figure 9. Stress curve and contour in different preheat temperatures. (a) Stress curve; (b) Contour of stress field distribution

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图 10 不同焊接速度下的位移曲线

Figure 10. Displacement curve in different welding velocities. (a) 2 mm/s; (b) 5 mm/s; (c) 10 mm/s

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图 11 不同焊接速度下的位移场云图

Figure 11. Contour of displacement field distribution in different welding velocities

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图 12 不同焊接速度下的应力曲线

Figure 12. Stress curve in different welding velocities. (a) welding velocity 2 mm/s; (b) welding velocity 5 mm/s; (c) welding velocity 10 mm/s

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图 13 不同焊接速度下的应力场分布云图

Figure 13. Contour of stress field distribution in different welding velocities. (a) welding velocity 2 mm/s; (b) welding velocity 5 mm/s; (c) welding velocity 10 mm/s

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图 14 不同焊接速度下的温度场对比

Figure 14. Comparison of temperature contour in different welding velocities. (a) welding velocity 2 mm/s; (b) welding velocity 5 mm/s; (c) welding velocity 10 mm/s

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表 1 焊接参数

Table 1 Welding parameters

焊缝深度 h / mm	电压 V / V	电流 I / A	焊接速度 v / (mm·s⁻¹)	热输入 q / (J·mm⁻¹)
3	18	80	5	230.4
3	21	110	5	369.6
3.5	23	130	5	478.4

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表 2 AH36钢的高温属性

Table 2 High temperature properties of AH36 steel

温度 T / ℃	热膨胀系数 α / (10⁻⁵·K⁻¹)	屈服强度 R_eL / MPa	弹性模量 E / GPa	泊松比 μ	密度 ρ / (g·cm⁻³)	比热 C / (J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹)	导热系数 λ / (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹)
20	1.67	265	200	0.29	7.80	465	15.0
100	1.70	237	190	0.30	7.79	500	15.1
300	1.83	170	168	0.31	7.75	512	18.0
500	1.95	142	157	0.32	7.65	546	20.4
700	2.00	122	151	0.33	7.57	589	22.9
900	2.02	68	120	0.33	7.50	615	25.5
1100	2.03	36	76	0.33	7.47	647	29.5
1300	2.10	17	20	0.34	7.35	697	33.0
1500	2.13	8	10	0.39	7.33	704	32.0

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表 3 不同预热温度下各节点的位移

Table 3 Displacement of points under different preheat temperatures

节点	20 ℃		90 ℃		150 ℃		200 ℃
节点	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm
1	−0.475	−0.690	−0.438	−0.651	−0.386	−0.600	−0.262	−0.486
2	−0.432	−0.650	−0.391	−0.608	−0.336	−0.554	−0.211	−0.439
3	−0.405	−0.624	−0.361	−0.579	−0.305	−0.524	−0.179	−0.408
4	−0.378	−0.597	−0.332	−0.550	−0.274	−0.493	−0.149	−0.376
5	−0.354	−0.572	−0.305	−0.522	−0.258	−0.464	−0.116	−0.348

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表 4 不同预热温度下各节点的应力

Table 4 Stress of points under different preheat temperatures

节点	20 ℃		90 ℃
节点	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa
1	−24.01	8.01	−27.39	9.11
2	−107.29	−11.93	−108.46	−6.98
3	−77.97	65.77	−87.05	68.99
4	86.66	75.19	87.91	85.44
5	32.89	−20.70	−31.42	−22.27

节点	150 ℃		200 ℃
节点	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa
1	−26.41	9.59	−26.03	10.17
2	−106.42	−6.45	−106.57	−2.44
3	−90.92	71.39	76.84	76.84
4	90.37	85.31	87.43	77.99
5	−27.60	−25.62	−29.57	−25.71

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表 5 不同焊接速度下各节点的位移

Table 5 Displacement of points under different welding velocities

节点	2 mm/s		5 mm/s		10 mm/s
节点	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm	位移峰值 U_max / mm	最终位移 U / mm
1	0.087	−0.423	−0.438	−0.651	−0.509	−0.643
2	0.177	−0.352	−0.391	−0.608	−0.488	−0.618
3	0.223	−0.317	−0.361	−0.579	−0.473	−0.599
4	0.268	−0.283	−0.332	−0.550	−0.456	−0.579
5	0.314	−0.247	−0.305	−0.522	−0.442	−0.560

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表 6 不同焊接速度下各节点的应力

Table 6 Stress of points under different welding velocities

节点	2 mm/s		5 mm/s		10 mm/s
节点	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa	最大应力 σ_max / MPa	最终应力 σ / MPa
1	−21.94	1.94	−27.39	9.11	11.77	−9.07
2	70.79	4.78	−108.46	−6.98	38.15	−12.05
3	103.43	7.11	−87.05	68.99	56.86	−9.64
4	63.13	3.71	47.99	85.44	49.68	10.67
5	19.73	−8.42	27.44	−22.27	35.22	−6.84

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