Research status on cermet/steel welding and joining
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摘要:
钢结硬质合金具有合金钢的优良力学性能和硬质合金的高耐磨性、高硬度的特点，具有良好的性价比，如何将钢结硬质合金与大型耐磨部件金属基体形成牢固的冶金结合，已成为提高设备整体耐磨性和使用寿命的技术关键，通过总结钢结硬质合金与钢的不同冶金结合形式、原理和特点，并概述了近年来国内外学者在此领域所取得的研究成果，具体介绍了镶铸、钎焊、扩散焊、激光焊、电弧焊等连接方法的研究现状，重点总结了这些连接方法的适用范围以及在使用过程中存在的问题，特别是钢结硬质合金与钢基体的界面结合情况进行了统计分析，最后，通过对现有技术的归纳总结，展望了未来实现钢结硬质合金与钢基体良好冶金结合的研究和发展方向.
Abstract:The steel-bonded cemented carbide combines the excellent mechanical properties of alloy steel with the high wear resistance and hardness of cemented carbide, offering a compelling cost-performance ratio. Achieving a strong metallurgical bond between the steel-bonded cemented carbide and the metal substrate of large-scale wear-resistant components has become a key technological challenge in enhancing the overall wear resistance and service life of equipment. This article summarizes the different metallurgical bonding forms, principles, and characteristics of steel-bonded cemented carbide with steel, and provides an overview of the research achievements in this field by scholars at home and abroad in recent years. It specifically introduces the research status of connection methods such as casting-in, brazing, diffusion welding, laser welding, and arc welding, and summarizes the applicability and existing issues of these connection methods in practical usage, with a particular focus on statistical data and analysis of the interface bonding between steel-bonded cemented carbide and the steel substrate. Finally, through summarizing existing technologies, the article outlines future research and development directions for achieving a robust metallurgical bond between steel-bonded cemented carbide and the steel substrate.
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Keywords:
- cermet /
- dissimilar steels /
- bonding /
- welding
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图 2 TiC钢结硬质合金与304不锈钢扩散焊界面显微组织
Figure 2. Microstructure of diffusion welding interface between TiC steel bonded carbide and 304 stainless steel. (a) combined with the SEM morphology of the interface; (b) element distribution; (c) enlarging area of point E in Fig. 2 (a)
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图 3 硬质合金/焊缝界面显微组织
Figure 3. Microstructure at cemented carbide/welded seam interface. (a) distribution of η phase; (b) microstructure of the interface
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图 4 界面显微组织形貌
Figure 4. Microstructure of the interface. (a) direct arc welding interface at low magnification; (b) direct arc welding interface at high magnification; (c) indirect arc welding interface at low magnification; (d) indirect arc welding interface at high magnification
表 1 钢结硬质合金与钢钎焊时常用钎料、接头结构、抗剪强度和相组成
Table 1 brazing filler metals, joint structures, shear strengths, and phase for steel-bonded carbide and steel brazing
材料 钎料 接头结构 抗剪强度RτMPa 相组成 Cu基钎料 Cu-Nb-Ti[33] TiC金属陶瓷/Ti-Nb-Cu/304SS 92.5 TiC + (βTi，Nb) + 残余Nb、Cu + Cu(s.s) Cu[34] Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷/Cu-Ni/Cu/CuMnZn/钢 195.3 (Fe,Ni) + Cu + (Cu,Ni) + Ti(C,N) + CuMnZn Cu-Mn-Co[35] TiC-NiCr金属陶瓷/CuMnCo/1Cr13 274 — Ag基钎料 Ag-Cu-Zn[36] TiC金属陶瓷/Ag-Cu-Zn/钢 105 Cu(s.s) + Ni3ZnC0.7/Cu(s.s) + Ni3ZnC0.7 +
Ag (s.s)/Cu(s.s) + Ni3ZnC0.7Ag-54Cu-33Zn[37] TiC金属陶瓷/Ag-54Cu-33Zn/钢 95.7 (Cu、Ni)、Ag(s.s) + Cu(s.s)，(Cu，Ni)，
(Cu，Ni) + (Fe，Ni)Ni基钎料 AgCuZnNi[38] Ti(C,N)金属陶瓷/AgCuZnNi/3Cr13 154 Ag(s.s) + Cu(s.s) AgCuZnNi[39] Ti(C，N)金属陶瓷/AgCuZnNi/铜 176.5 Ag-29Cu-26Zn-2Ni 
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