9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织和冲击性能分析

张超; 周猛兵; 崔雷; 陶欣; 王军; 王伟; 刘永长

doi:10.12073/j.hjxb.20230423002

9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织和冲击性能分析

张超^1,,
周猛兵¹,
崔雷²,
陶欣¹,
王军¹,
王伟¹,
刘永长³

1.
中国核动力研究设计院第四研究所, 成都, 610213
2.
天津大学 , 天津市现代连接技术重点实验室, 天津, 300354
3.
天津大学, 水利安全与仿真国家重点实验室, 天津, 300354

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52034004)；中核集团专项(QBH201).

详细信息

作者简介:
张超，硕士；主要从事低活化铁素体/马氏体钢、耐热钢搅拌摩擦焊连接机理、锆合金高能束焊接技术以及固相连接技术的相关研究工作； Email: 569405731@qq.com

中图分类号: TG 456.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-04-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-03
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-24

Microstructure and impact properties for friction stir welds of 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta heat resistant steel

1.
Fourth Institute of Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, 610213, China
2.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
3.
State Key Lab of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China

摘要

摘要:
对9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的微观组织演变和冲击性能进行了分析. 结果表明，由于搅拌针剧烈的机械搅拌和焊接热循环的双重作用，搅拌摩擦焊缝区域内发生晶粒破碎、完全奥氏体化动态再结晶、晶界处M₂₃C₆相溶解和晶内M₃C相析出，焊后较大的冷却速率抑制晶粒长大，促进了马氏体转变. 在−100 ~ 20 ℃温度内进行了冲击试验，随着冲击试验温度的增加，母材和FSW焊缝的冲击吸收能量均表现为单调增大的特征，同时冲击断裂模式由脆性断裂逐渐转变为延性断裂. 由于FSW焊缝中板条马氏体的形成、“针状”M₃C碳化物的析出，FSW焊缝的硬度显著增大，并且在相同温度下FSW焊缝的冲击韧性发生降低，韧—脆转变温度由母材的−50 ℃升高至−40.2 ℃.
- 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢 /
- 搅拌摩擦焊 /
- 微观组织 /
- 冲击韧性 /
- 韧—脆转变温度
Abstract:
In this paper, the microstructure evolution and impact properties of friction stir welds of 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta heat resistant steel were studied. The results showed that due to the double effects of the mechanical stirring of the stir tool and the welding thermal cycle, grain breaking, fully austenitized dynamic recrystallization, dissolution of M₂₃C₆ phase at the grain boundaries and formation of M₃C are materialized in the welds. Higher cooling rate after welding restrains the growth of grains, and promotes martensite transformation. The impact test was conducted in the temperature range of −100 ~ 20 ℃. With the increase of impact test temperature, the impact absorbing energy of base metal and FSW weld metal is monotonously increased, and the impact fracture mode changes from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. Due to the formation of lath martensite and the precipitation of "acicular" M₃C carbide in FSW weld, the hardness of FSW weld increases significantly. At the same temperature, the impact toughness of FSW weld decreases. And, the ductile-brittle transition temperature of FSW weld increases from −50 ℃ of the base metal to −40.2 ℃.
- 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta heat resistant steel /
- friction stir welding /
- microstructure /
- impact toughness /
- ductile-brittle transition temperature

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图 1 FSW焊缝的宏观形貌

Figure 1. Macromorphology of FSW weld

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图 2 V形缺口冲击试样尺寸(mm)

Figure 2. Dimensions of V-notch impact specimen

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图 3 母材和FSW焊缝的微观组织特征

Figure 3. Microstructure characteristics of BM and FSW weld. (a) the metallographic structure of BM; (b) the morphology of BM; (c) the microstructure of BM; (d) the RA diffraction patterns in BM; (e) the metallographic structure of FSW weld; (f) the morphology of FSW weld; (g) the microstructure of FSW weld; (h) the RA dark field image in FSW

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图 4 母材和FSW焊缝的析出相分布特征

Figure 4. Precipitates characteristics of BM and FSW weld. (a) the distribution characteristics of precipitated phases in the BM; (b) the characteristics of M₂₃C₆ phase in the BM; (c) the characteristics of MX phase in the BM; (d) the distribution characteristics of precipitated phases in the FSW weld; (e) the characteristics of MX phase in the FSW weld; (f) the characteristics of M₃C phase in the FSW weld

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图 5 母材和FSW焊缝冲击韧性随试验温度的变化曲线

Figure 5. Transformation curve of impact toughness of base metal and FSW weld with test temperature

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图 6 母材在不同温度下的冲击断口形貌

Figure 6. Impact fracture morphology of BM under different temperature. (a) 20 ℃; (b) 0 ℃; (c) −20 ℃; (d) −40 ℃; (e) −60 ℃; (f) −80 ℃

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图 7 FSW焊缝在不同温度下的冲击断口形貌

Figure 7. Impact fracture morphology of FSW welds under different temperature. (a) 20 ℃; (b) 0 ℃; (c) −20 ℃; (d) −40 ℃; (e) −60 ℃; (f) −80 ℃

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表 1 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta耐热钢化学成分(质量分数，%)

Table 1 Chemical composition of the 9Cr-1.5W-0.15Ta heat resistant steel

C	Cr	Mn	V	W	Ta	Si	Zr	N	S和P	Fe
0.1	9	0.5	0.2	1.5	0.15	0.05	0.005	0.007	0.002	余量

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表 2 母材和FSW焊缝冲击试验结果

Table 2 Impact test results of the base materials and FSW welds

温度 T/℃	母材平均冲击吸收功能量A_KVB/(J·cm⁻²)	FSW焊缝平均冲击吸收能量A_KVW/(J·cm⁻²)
20	155.1	132.7
0	149.7	122.0
−20	130.1	107.5
−40	96.1	85.8
−60	69.1	58.5
−80	45.0	33.7
−100	21.4	12.9

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