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基于自适应轮廓骨架分区的电弧增材制造成形路径优化方法

Path optimization for wire arc additive manufacturing based on adaptive contour skeleton zoning method

  • 摘要: 传统轮廓偏置路径规划方法具有较高几何还原度,适合电弧增材制造中等尺寸的复杂零件,但轮廓连续偏置过程中的退化现象易形成欠填充区域,进而导致缺陷,形成待优化区. 针对上述问题,提出了基于布尔运算的待优化区域精确识别方法. 将原始多边形与经过正反两次等距偏置的回溯多边形进行布尔差运算,可获得需要优化的缺陷区域,将待优化区域过滤与合并,重新构建为骨架填充区. 结合最小矩形框确定每个骨架填充区的最优填充方向并生成往复直线路径,最后将轮廓偏置路径重新分类分区连接为连续成形路径,并按照骨架填充区成形路径优先打印原则输出为机器代码. 后续成形试验采用机器人电弧增材制造系统打印了螺旋桨零件,结果表明,零件成形尺寸达到预期,且表面不存在传统轮廓偏置法中的成形缺陷,证明文中方法具有较高的可行性与适用性.

     

    Abstract: The traditional contour offset path planning strategy for arc-based directed energy deposition of medium-sized complex parts has a high degree of geometric fidelity. However, continuous offsetting of original contour can easily lead to underfilled regions and defects, that can be forming the area to be optimized. To address this, a precise defect identification method based on Boolean operations is proposed. The defect region is obtained by calculating the Boolean difference between the original and backtracked polygons. This region is reconstructed into skeleton-filled areas through filtering and merging. The optimal filling direction of skeleton-filled areas is determined by the minimum rectangular box, and the zigzag path is generated. Finally, the contour offset path is reclassified and connected to form a continuous forming path. The forming path of skeleton-filled areas is firstly transformed into machine code. In the subsequent forming test, the propeller parts were printed by the robot arc additive manufacturing system. The results indicate that the parts have achieved the expected forming size, and there are no defects in the traditional method. This proves that the method has highly feasible and applicable.

     

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