Analysis of surface roughness of fluorocarbon aluminum powder coating during laser cleaning and its influence on laser absorption
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摘要:
激光清洗2024铝合金飞机蒙皮表面漆层过程中，粗糙表面的形成与演化会对漆层与激光的热交互作用及漆层去除机理产生较大的影响.1064 nm脉冲激光逐层除漆过程中，分析了漆层表面形貌与粗糙程度的变化，研究了粗糙表面的产生机理及其演化规律，并通过建立漆层粗糙表面等效分析模型计算分析了漆层粗糙表面对激光吸收率的影响规律. 结果表明，激光除漆过程中不同的去除机理作用后漆层均会出现粗糙表面，且粗糙表面的演化存在一定的规律；逐层除漆时，漆层粗糙表面对激光吸收率有明显增加作用，在激光作用7次后漆层粗糙表面对激光的吸收率增加了32.8%，如果采用固定的初始激光清洗工艺，会因吸收率增大导致铝合金基材产生损伤行为.
Abstract:In the process of laser cleaning the paint layer on the surface of 2024 aluminum alloy aircraft skin, the formation and evolution of rough surfaces can significantly affect the thermal interaction between the paint layer and the laser, as well as the removal mechanism. This study analyzed the changes in surface morphology and roughness of the paint layer during the layer-by-layer removal process using a 1064 nm pulsed laser. It investigated the generation mechanism and evolution pattern of rough surfaces, and calculated the effect of the rough surface of the paint layer on the laser absorption rate during the layer-by-layer removal process by establishing an equivalent analysis model for the rough surface of the paint layer. The results show that, rough surfaces appear on the paint layer after different removal mechanisms during the laser paint removal process, and there is a certain pattern in the evolution of rough surfaces during the layer-by-layer laser paint removal process;during the laser layer-by-layer paint removal process, the rough surfaces significantly increase the laser absorption rate, with an increase of 32.8% in the laser absorption rate after 7 laser treatments. If a fixed initial laser cleaning process is used, the increased absorption rate will lead to damage to the aluminum alloy substrate.
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Keywords:
- laser cleaning /
- aluminium alloy /
- paint layer /
- rough surface /
- absorptivity
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图 1 激光去除飞机蒙皮漆层的试验系统
Figure 1. Experimental system for laser removal of aircraft skin paint
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图 3 烧蚀去除机理除漆过程
Figure 3. Paint layer ablation removal process. (a) original surface of the paint layer; (b) paint layer boils and produce smoke; (c) boiling paint layer splashes outward; (d) rough surface of the area is formed
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图 5 漆层烧蚀去除后的EDS分析
Figure 5. EDS analysis after ablation removal of paint layer. (a) original paint layer (spot 1); (b) splash product (spot 2); (c) laser ablation area (spot 3)
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图 6 漆层振动去除过程
Figure 6. Paint layer vibration removal process. (a) original surface of the paint layer; (b) paint layer begins to remove under the action of the laser; (c) paint layer cracks under thermal stress; (d) cracked paint layer splashes outward under the action of thermal stress
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图 7 振动去除机理除漆后宏观形貌
Figure 7. Macroscopic morphology of paint layer after vibration removal
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图 8 漆层震动去除后的EDS分析
Figure 8. EDS analysis after vibration removal of paint layer. (a) splash products(spot 2); (b) laser action area(spot 1)
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图 9 漆层三维形貌图
Figure 9. 3D topography of paint layer. (a) original paint layer; (b) paint layer after laser action
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图 10 12次激光作用后的SEM与EDS图像
Figure 10. SEM and EDS images after 12 laser actions. (a) SEM image; (b) EDS image
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图 11 激光除漆过程表面粗糙度的算术平均高度变化规律
Figure 11. Variation regular of paint layer roughness during laser paint removal
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图 12 激光除漆过程表面粗糙度的算术平均高度变化规律
Figure 12. Variation regular of average roughness of paint layer during laser paint removal
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图 13 激光作用12次后漆层表面三维形貌
Figure 13. 3D morphology of the paint layer surface after 12 laser actions
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图 14 漆层表面粗糙度对激光吸收的影响
Figure 14. Effect of surface roughness of paint layers on laser absorption
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图 15 损伤基材与原始基材表面的SEM与EDS图像
Figure 15. SEM and EDS images of damaged substrate and original substrate surface. (a) SEM images of substrate damage; (b) EDS analysis of Al element under substrate damage; (c) EDS analysis of O element under substrate damage; (d) SEM images of the original substrate surface; (e) EDS analysis of Al element on the original surface of the substrate; (f) EDS analysis of O elements on the original surface of substrate
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图 16 粗糙表面截面轮廓线等效图
Figure 16. Equivalent diagram of rough surface profile. (a) cross-sectional profile of the original rough surface; (b) cross-sectional profile equivalent process; (c) profile diagram after equivalent processing; (d) exactly equivalent contour line
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图 17 Ra等效计算值和试验值以及两者之间的标准误差
Figure 17. Ra equivalent calculated value and test value and the standard error between them
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图 19 激光在粗糙表面反射一次和部分反射两次路径
Figure 19. Path of laser reflection once and partial reflection twice on a rough surface
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图 21 激光在粗糙表面反射两次和部分反射三次路径
Figure 21. Laser path reflecting twice and partially reflecting three times on a rough surface
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图 24 激光作用次数和漆层吸收率的关系
Figure 24. Relationship between laser action times and paint absorption
表 1 3种激光工艺参数
Table 1 Three laser process parameters
试验
编号激光功率
P/ W脉冲宽度
d/ ns脉冲频率
f/kHz扫描速度
v/(mm·s−1)1 16 300 30 500 2 20 300 30 500 3 10 300 30 500 
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